Responses

Front 1

Biological clock

Back 1

Internal timing mechanism effected by the environment showing rhythmic changes with day, night and seasons.

Front 2

Types of rhythms

Back 2

Circadian (24hours), Dinural- active during the day, Nocturnal- active during the night, Crepuscular- active at dusk and dawn,

Circatidal (12.5 hours), circa lunar (29.5 days), Circaannual (one year).

Front 3

Photoperiodism

Back 3

A biological rhythm which is controlled by the relative lengths of night and day.

Front 4

Photochrome

Back 4

A class of plant hormones which are used to control photoperiodism. It comes in two forms Pr and Pfr. Light converts Pr into Pfr and darkness converts Pfr into Pr.

Front 5

Critical value

Back 5

The length of uninterrupted day and night which needs to be exceeded in short day plants or not exceeded in long day - to initiate behavioural response such as flowering. The relative proportion of Pr to Pfr is used to determine when flowering takes place.

Front 6

Dormancy

Back 6

When an organism is in a period of physiological rest.

Front 7

Vernalisation

Back 7

When a period of cold is required to break dormancy.

Front 8

Innate behaviour

Back 8

Behaviour determined by the "hard wiring" of the nervous system. It is usually inflexible, a given stimulus triggering a given response. Not something that requires practise.

Front 9

Exogenous rhythms

Back 9

Rhythms driven solely by external events.

Front 10

Endogenous rhythms

Back 10

internal mechanism driven by an internal clock, whose "setting" may be modified by external changes.

Front 11

Free running period

Back 11

An endogenous rhythm that will continue in the absence of external cues.

Front 12

Interspecific relationships

Back 12

"No two species can occupy the same niche indefinitely in the same habitat". A community that includes all the species found in a particular location.

Front 13

Predation

Back 13

One animal species eats members of another species. + predator -prey

Front 14

Herbivory

Back 14

An animal species eats parts of another species. +Grazer -Plant

Front 15

Competition

Back 15

Members of different species compete for the same resources.

-compA -compB

Front 16

Parasitism

Back 16

members of one species living on or inside members feeding off them.

+Parasite -Host

Front 17

Mutualism

Back 17

Two species providing each other with resources

+ Species A + Species B

Front 18

Commensalism

Back 18

One species benefits or aids another species while not being affected itself.

+ User species 0 Provider

Front 19

interspecific evolution

Back 19

over time, predators and prey shape each other's evolution, with predators showing adaptations for obtaining food and prey showing adaptations to avoid being eaten.

Front 20

Infraspecific competition

Back 20

Interaction between members of the same group, requiring similar needs so competition for resources is more intense such as; mates, nesting sites, breeding territories, food, space

Front 21

home range

Back 21

Geographical area which is used by many animals in search food food/ resources, it is often large and not defended

Front 22

Territory

Back 22

Smaller area within home range, which individuals "own" and defend with aggressive behaviour. It is here they breed and raise young.

Front 23

social hierarchy

Back 23

Ranking system of which the strongest/ dominant individuals are on top, with animals communicating dominance or submissiveness.

Front 24

Taxes

Back 24

movement of the whole animals toward or away from a stimulus which is coming from one direction.

Front 25

Phototropism + Auxin

Back 25

This is the growth hormone seen in plants where plants grow either toward light or away from light. The hormone IAA is responsible, and is produced at the tip of the plant shoots, a low concentration of auxin will cause the cells to elongate.

Front 26

Photonastic

Back 26

Flowers that open and close with light

Front 27

Migration

Back 27

The regular movement of animals from their breeding grounds to another area and back. Can be trigger by day length, desire to breed or genetic drive.

Front 28

Methods of navigation

Back 28

Mental map, sun and moon, stars, Magnetic field, ocean currents, smell, instinct, genetics

Front 29

Hibernation

Back 29

The dropping of an animals temperature on a seasonal basis to conserve energy. Also slows heart rate, body temperature drops, increase of fat layers, breathing is slowed.