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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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4 main bacteria need to know |
Streptococcus pneumoniae Mycobacterium tuberculosis Legionella pneumophilia Mycoplasma pneumoniae |
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What’s the most common cause of the cold |
Rhinovirus |
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How many colds per year as an adult |
2-3/ year |
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Flu vs cold |
Flu appears w/i a few hours Systemic Exhausted too unwell to carry on as normal High fever |
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Risk groups for flu |
<2y >65y Pregnancy/ 2 weeks post partum Immunosuppressive on BMi >40 |
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How does influenza work |
Heamagglutinin surface receptor H bind sialic acid receptors on host cells respirator tract The neuraminidase on the surface of the virus allows the virus to escape by cleaving sialic acid bonds |
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How does tamiflu work |
It’s a neuraminidase inhibitor |
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Why is influenzas segmented genome important |
It allows reassortment if 2 different virus’ enter the same cell |
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Antigenic shift |
Big change - reassortment |
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Antigenic drift |
Small changes |
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What’s pneumonia |
Infection of the lung parenchyma |
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How is pneumonia diagnosed |
CXR - consolidation |
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How to classify pneumonia’s |
Community vs hospital acquired |
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Streptococcus pneumoniae morphology |
Gran positive cocci |
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Mycoplasma pneumoniae |
Atypical pneumonia Young patient Extrapulmonary symptims eg target Keaton Resistant to penicillins |
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How to treat mycoplasma pneumoniae |
Macrolides/ tetracyclines |
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Diagnosis of mycoplasma |
PCR of throat swan (no gram stain) |
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How to test for legionella |
Urinary legionella antigen dipstick rest |
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Treatment legionella |
Quinolones and macrolides |
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Which countries account for majority of TB cases |
India/ Indonesia/ China/ Philippines/ Pakistan/ Nigeria/ South Africa |
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How much of the worlds population has latent TB |
1/4 |
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What is TB |
An acid fast bacillus (Ziehl- Neelson stain) |
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How long does it take for a Tb to divide |
16-20 hours |
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How long is the lab culture for TB |
56 days |
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Explain the cycle of Tb infection |
Inhalation of aerosol droplets that contain the bacteria Innate immune response - recruit inflammatory cells to the lung Bacterial dissemination to the draining lymph node. T cell priming a passion of antigen specific T cells Activation of T cells B cells macrophages - granule makes formation |
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What percentage of people infected with Tb get a latent lesion |
95% |
