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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Small particles of pathogen-containing respiratory secretions expelled to the air by coughing are called |
Droplet nuclei |
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2 divisions of respiratory tract |
1. Upper RT 2. Lower RT |
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4 parts of the URT |
1. Nasal cavity 2. Sinuses 3. Pharynx 4. Larynx |
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2 parts of LRT |
1. Lungs 2. Bronchi |
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2 bacteria that causes laryngitis |
1. Haemophilus influenzae 2. Streptococcus pneumoniae |
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Inflammation of voice box (larynx) from overuse, irritation or infection |
Laryngitis |
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What causes otitis media? |
Streptococcus pyogenes |
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Bacterial infection of the mastoid air cells surrounding the inner and middle ear |
Mastoiditis |
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Cause of pharyngitis |
Streptococcus pyogenes |
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What is PANDAS? |
Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder associated with streptococcus |
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Temperature of scarlet fever |
101F or 38.33C |
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A disease of the lymph nodes, in which they are abnormal in size or consistency |
Lymphadenopathy or adenopathy |
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Cause of diptheria |
Corynebacterium diphtheriae |
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It penetrates bloodstream and travel in the body |
Endotoxin |
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A chemically modified toxin from a pathogenic microorganism, which is no longer toxic but is still antigenic and can be used as a vaccine |
Toxoids |
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The death of most or all of the cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury, or failure of the blood supply |
Necrosis |
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Inflammation of the heart muscle |
Myocarditis |
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Objects or materials which are likely to carry infection, such as clothes, utensils, and furniture |
Fomites |
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Causes Bacterial Pneumonia |
Streptococcus pneumoniae |
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2 forms of bacterial pneumonia |
1. Nosocomial 2. Community-acquired |
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Occurs approximately 48 hours after admission to hospital |
Nosocomial |
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Experienced by persons in the general population |
Community-acquired |
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2 types of bacterial pneumonia |
1. Atypical pneumonia 2. Typical or Classic pneumonia |
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Coughing without sputum |
Atypical pneumonia |
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What is SARS? |
Severe acute respiratory syndrome |
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Is a respiratory condition with inflammation of the lung |
Typical or classic pneumonia |
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Causes pertussis |
Bordetella pertusis |
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2 toxins of pertussis |
1. Pertussis toxin 2. Tracheal toxin |
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Triggers excessive amount of cyclic adenosine monophosphate to accumulate in affected cells |
Pertussis toxin |
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Direct destruction of ciliated cells |
Tracheal toxin |
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3 symptom phases of pertussis |
1. Catarrhal stage 2. Paroxysmal stage 3. Convalescent phase |
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Begins when bacteria present in the RT cause cold symptoms |
Catarrhal stage |
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The pertussis worsens which is characterized by severe and uncontrollable coughing |
Paroxysmal stage |
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Time when numbers of bacteria are decreasing and no longer cause ongoing symptoms |
Convalescent phase |
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Causative agent of tuberculosis |
Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
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3 divisions of tuberculosis |
1. Primary 2. Secondary 3. Extrapulmonary |
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1 viral pathogen of the URT |
Rhinovirus |
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2 viral pathogens of the LRT |
1. Respiratory Syncytial Virus 2. Influenza Virus |
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Most common cause of colds |
Rhinovirus |
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Most common cause of pneumonia in infants |
RSV |
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Causes influenza |
Influenza virus |
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5 fungal pathogens of the RT |
1. Pneumocystis jirevoci (P. carinii) 2. Aspergillus fumigatus 3. Blastomyces dermatitidis 4. Histoplasma capsulatum 5. Coccidiodes immitis |
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Most common cause of non bacterial pneumonia in AIDS patient |
Pneumocystis jiroveci |
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Causal agent of aspergillosis |
Aspergillosis |
