Respiratory System Chapter 14 *****

Front 1

Cystic fibrosis

Back 1

inherited disease caused by abnormal plasma membrane channel proteins; respiratory problems due to thick mucous

Front 2

Where does gas exchange occur inside the lungs?

Back 2

on the respiratory surface of the alveoli

Front 3

5 functions of the respiratory system

Back 3

1. provide an area for gas exchange btw air and blood
2. moving air to and from exchange surface
3. protect respiratory surfaces from environmental, and pathogens
4. make sounds
5. facilitate detection of olfactory stimuli

Front 4

What is the upper respiratory system composed of?

Back 4

Nose
nasal cavity
paranasal sinuses
pharynx

Front 5

what is the lower respiratory system composed of?

Back 5

Larynx
trachea,
bronchi,
bronchioles,
alveoli

Front 6

What doe the upper respiratory tract do to the air ?

Back 6

filter and warm and condition by wetting it (humidify)

Front 7

______ lines the conducting portions of the respiratory tract

Back 7

respiratory mucosa

Front 8

A layer of areolar tissue that supports the respiratory epithelium

Back 8

Lamina propria

Front 9

describe how air enters the body from entrance to the pharynx

Back 9

the external nares>nasal cavity>off the superior middle and inferior meatus(concha) to the nasopharynx

Front 10

What separates the oral and nasal cavities?

Back 10

Hard palate

Front 11

3 parts of the pharynx and describe

Back 11

Nasopharynx superior part
oropharynx continuous w oral cavity
laryngopharynx entrance to the esophagus

Front 12

What surrounds and protects the glottis?

Back 12

the larynx

Front 13

3 large cartilages that make up the larynx

Back 13

thyroid, cricoid and epiglottis

Front 14

Vestibular folds vs vocal folds

Back 14

both found in the larynx span the glottis, one is inelastic, the other is delicate

Front 15

external vs internal respiration

Back 15

1 exchange of o2 and co2 btw interstitial fluid and outside environment includes breathing (pulmonary ventilation)
2 exchanges o2 and Co2 btw interstitial fluid and cells

Front 16

Functions of the respiratory system

Back 16

1. Provide extnsive surface area for gas exchange btw air and circulating blood
2. Moving air to and from the exchange surfaces of the lungs along the respiratory passageways
3.Protecting from dehydration, temperature changes environmental variations, and defense against pathogens
4. Make sounds
5. Facilitate the detection of olfactory stimuli in the nasal cavity

Front 17

Alveoli

Back 17

1 cell layer thick sacs have capillary beds with deoxygenated blood

Front 18

What may cause a rapid increase in the production of mucus?

Back 18

Exposure to unpleasant stimuli such as noxious vapors lg quantities of dust and debris, allergens pathogens

Front 19

What happens when vocal folds increase in tension?
What else are vocal folds called?

Back 19

As tension increases the pitch increases.
Vocal chords

Front 20

What may cause the coughing reflex?

Back 20

Food or something touching the vestibular or vocal folds.

Front 21

Why is the left lung indented at the medial mergin?

Back 21

Because of the cardiac notch (where the heart is)

Front 22

What produces surfactant and why is this so important?

Back 22

The large pneumocytes type II cells produce it,
it's an oily secretion, a mix of phospholipids and proteins. and it is responsible for reducing alveolar surface tension.

Front 23

Large blockage in a branch of a pulmonary artery will cause

Back 23

pulmonary embolisms

Front 24

3 steps involved in external respiration:

Back 24

pulmonary ventilation / breathing physical movement of air in and out of lungs
gas diffusion: across the respiratory membrane btw aveolar air spaces and capillaries and capillaries to the tissues
the transportation of o2 and co2

Front 25

Which cells make surfactant?

Back 25

Septal cells, type II pneumocytes

Front 26

How do alveoli function w respect to age

Back 26

They decrease oxygen capacity and deteriorate due to age, and other factors such as smoking

Front 27

Boyle's law

Back 27

P= 1/V

volume is inversely proportional to the pressure of gas

Front 28

Elastic recoil

Back 28

the ability right after an expiration for the lungs to return to their relaxed state.

Front 29

Tidal Volume

Back 29

The amount of air you move into or out during a single resp. cycle.
- during inspiration the pressure increases, expiration decreases.

Front 30

Diaphragm

Back 30

separates thoracic and abdominal cavities
75% of inhalation
flattens when contract
primary muscle in breathing.

Front 31

Resp sys w age

Back 31

1. Elastic tissues deteriorate, compliance is altered and vital capacity is lowered
2. Chest movements are restricted by arthritic changes, and loss of costal cartilage. This reduces exercise performance

Front 32

Several protective reflexes of the resp. system

Back 32

Coughing, irritation of the larynx trachea or bronchi
Sneezing; irritation of the nasal cavity

Front 33

The basic pace of respiration, rate is controlled by which respiratory centers?

Back 33

pons and medulla oblongata