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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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upper respiratory infection URI
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• common cold, often caused by rhinovirus
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sinusitis
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viral or bacterial
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pharyngitis
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inflammation of the pharynx
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laryngitis
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inflammation of the larynx
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deviated septum
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midline is off center
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nasal polyps
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benign growths
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anosmia
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lack of sense of smell
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epistaxis
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nosebleed
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hemoptysis
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• coughing up or spitting up of blood
• from the respiratory tract • ETIO-multiple causes; 75% not a sign of serious disease • dx-determine cause of bleed • tx-stop bleeding, ligation or surgical repair of vessels |
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atelectasis
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• collapsed lung
• incomplete expansion • leads to hypoxia and dyspnea • ETIO-obstruction, prematurity • dx-xray, lung scans, bronchoscopy • prevention, suctioning, deep breathing |
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pulmonary embolism
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• clot occludes a pulmonary artery
• interrupts blood flow • consequences vary from; uncomplicated to fatal • ETIO-most start as thrombi, or air, fat, tissue, bacteria • dx-xrays, blood test, auscultation • tx-anticoagulants, thrombolytics • prevention is important; ambulation, TED |
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pneumonia
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• inflammation of the lungs, unilateral or bilateral portion or all of a lung
• sx-cough, fever, SOB, chills, sweating, chest pain, cyanosis, blood in septum • ETIO-usually bacterial or viral; 5th leading cause of death in US • dx-xray, ABGs, sputum and blood cultures • tx-antibiotics, O2 postural drainage |
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pulmonary abscess
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• area of contained infectious material
• more common in lower portions of lung • purulent sputum, fowl smelling breath • ETIO-complication of pneumonia • dx-decreased breath sounds, xrays • tx-antibiotics, resection may be required. |
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legionnaires disease
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• bacterial infection, mild or severe forms
• sx-mimics pneumonia • ETIO-bacteria thrive in warm aquatic environments and are inhaled • dx-blood tests, xray • tx-antibiotics, O2, antipyretics, antiemetics, analgesics • prevention-water temp below 95 or above 114 |
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respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia
RSV |
• most common in infants, children, elderly
• sx-cold-like upper respiratory tract • ETIO-viral infection december-march • greater risk is infants who were premature or those with congenital cardiac • tx-symptoms |
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histoplasmosis
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• fungal disease
• inhalation of dust containing histoplasma capsulatum • seen in HIV patients • seen in midwestern US • tx-no tx except for sever cases in which antifungals can be prescribed |
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chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
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• acute bronchitis
• chronic bronchitis • bronchiectasis • asthma • pulmonary emphysema • pneumosoniosis |
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bronchitis
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• acute or chronic
• inflammation of mucous membrane lining the bronchi • sx-deep productive cough, thick septum • ETIO-part of general URI • dx-hx, sx, xray, PFT, ABG • tx-no specific tx for viral infection • tx-antibiotics for bacterial infection |
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bronchiectasis
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• =dilation of bronchi (irreversible)
• chronic cough, hemoptysis • ETIO-damage from smoking pneumonia, TB childhood disease • dx-difficult when sx vague • tx-antibiotics, bronchodialators, postural drainage |
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pulmonary emphysema
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• enlargement of alveoli with damage to alveolar walla and capillary walls
• sx-dyspnea, barrel chest, cyanosis, wheezing, clubbing, right heart failure • at risk-smokers exposure to irritants infections as a child • tx-avoid irritants, meds, O2 |
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pneumoconiosis
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• condition of the lungs due to long-term inhalation of dust particles
• damage is irreversible • ex: abestosis, anthracosis, silicosis • daily exposure at least ten years • tx-symptomatic and supportive |
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pulmonary tuberculosis
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• sx-often asymptomatic, then vague sx
• eventually sx include prurient sputum blood in sputum, hemoptysis, night sweats • ETIO-bacterium; tubercle bacillus (mycovacterium tuburculosis) spread by droplets inhaled • dx-skin test, antradermal and culture of sputum • tx-antibiotics specific for TB |
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infectious mononucleosis
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• acute URI
• sx-lymphadenopathy and fever • ETIO-epstein-barr virus (herpes); carried in saliva • dx-blood tests, increas in lymphcytes and antibodies for EBV • tx-symptomes, recovery within 3-4 months |
