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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Functions of the respiratory system |
Gas Exchange Fluid/pH balance Release heat and CO2 in expired air Sound production Houses olfactory chemoreceptors Secretion of an enzyme for angiotensin II mechanism |
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Upper respiratory tract (ORGANS) |
Nose Pharynx Larynx |
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Lower respiratory tract (ORGANS) |
Trachea Bronchial tree Lungs |
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Components of the nose |
External and Internal Nares |
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External/Internal Nares |
Openings into and out of the nose. Act as passage ways. |
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Mucous membrane with olfactory chemoreceptors |
Line the nose, house olfactory chemoreceptors |
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Olfactory Chemoreceptors |
Detect receptors that are volatile Either water/lipid soluble |
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Nasal Cavity |
All of the space inside nasal membrane |
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Nasal Vestibule |
Hair embedded Surrounded by bone/cartilage Covered in skin Make up floor of nose |
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Hard Palate |
Bone covered by mucous membrane |
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Soft Palate |
Overlaps hard palate Skeletal muscle covered by mucous membrane Make up oral/nasal cavities Allow you to breathe/carry out mastication simultaneously |
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Nasal Septum |
Separate oral/nasal cavity Divide nasal cavity in right/left compartments Part bone/Part hyaline cartilage |
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Nasal Conchae |
Bulges on lateral surfaces 3 on either side Bulge is on ethnoid bone |
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Turbinate |
Soft tissue that covers bone Expand block air flow |
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Functions of the nose |
Warm, moistens, and filters air Acts as a resonating chamber for sound Receives secretions from the bony sinuses and eyes Houses olfactory receptors for sense of smell |
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Pharynx (Components) |
Muscular tube w/ cartilages
Lined with a mucous membrane Divided into three regions: Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx |
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Pharynx (Functions) |
Warm, moistens, and filters air Acts as a resonating chamber Houses pharyngeal/palatine tonsils Receives secretions from the ears (balances out pressure/drains debris from ear) |
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Larynx (Components) |
Muscular tube lined w/ mucous membrane, several cartilages Includes: Epiglottis, Thyroid Cartilage, Cricoid Cartilage, Vestibular fold, Vocal cord |
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Larynx (Functions) |
Epiglottis: Prevents Apiration Thyroid/Cricoid Cartilage: Maintain a patent (open) airway Vocal cords: Produce sound |
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Tissue arrangement of the Trachea, Bronchial Tree |
Trachea/Bronchi are tubes with smooth muscle tissue C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage Mucous glands Lined with a ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium |
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Main/Primary Bronchi |
Lead into each lung |
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Lobar/Secondary Bronchi |
Lead into each lobe |
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Segmental/Tertiary Bronchi |
Lead into each lobule-branch into bronchioles |
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Bronchioles |
Smallest Lack cartilage rings Swell shut/Collapse |
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Trachea/Bronchial Tree (Functions) |
Warm, moisten, filter air Mucus is moved up toward the larynx to be moved into esophagus |
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Lungs (Components) |
Each lung is divided into LOBES, which are divided into LOBULES The Lobules are divided into ALVEOLAR SACS which are masses of ALVEOLI The Alveoli are encased with a dense network of pulmonary capillaries |
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Pleura (Structures) |
Parietal Pleura Pleural Cavity Visceral Pleura |
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Parietal Pleura |
Thick membranous sac Isolates each outer space/compartment |
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Pleural Cavity |
Serous fluid filled space |
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Visceral Pleura |
Thick, serous membrane on the superficial of the lung |
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Pleura (functions) |
Anchors the lungs in the thoracic cavity Secrete a serous fluid to reduce friction Physical barrier to prevent over inflation/keep other substances out |
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Alveolus |
Functional unit of the lung Smallest part of the lung where gas exchange occurs Composed of simple squamous epithelium Surrounded by areolar tissue Anchors Capillaries |
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Cells found in lungs |
Squamous Alveolar Cells (Type I) Great Alveolar Cells (Type II) Alveolar Macrophages (Dust Cells) |
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Squamous Alveolar Cells (Type I) |
Most numerous Make up wall of alveoli |
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Great Alveolar Cells (Type II) |
Secrete surfactant |
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Surfactant |
Lipoprotein that reduces the surface tension to allow gas exchange |
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Alveolar Macrophages (Dust Cells) |
Phagocytize debris and pathogens within alveoli |
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Atmospheric pressure
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Total force exerted by all of the gases within the air |
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Gases |
Atoms are moving quickly and colliding, causing a force to be generated. |
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Two of the Gas Laws |
Volume of gas is directly proportional to temperature |
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