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86 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Exterior Nostrils
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Anterior Nares
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The common head cold characterized by acute inflammation of the nasal mucosa
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Coryza
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Accumulation of a fluid in a cavity or matter that penetrates through vessel walls into adjoining tissue
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Exudate
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Bloody fluid in the pleural cavity
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Hemothorax
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Depression where ducts, nerves, or vessels enter or exit an organ
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Hilum
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A collection of air or gas in the pleural cavity characterized by pain in side & painful breathing; can lead to the collapse of the lung
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Pneumothorax
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Openings between the nasal cavity & the nasopharynx
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Posterior Nares
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To bring air & blood into intimate contact so that oxygen can be added to the blood & carbon dioxide can be removed.
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Purpose of the
Respiratory System |
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The taking in of oxygen, its use in the tissues, & the giving off of carbon dioxide.
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Respiration
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2 types of respiration
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External
& Internal |
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Process of taking air into the lungs & passing oxygen from the alveoli into the blood. Also called Pulmonary Respiration.
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External Respiration
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Process of passing oxygen from the blood into the cells, its utilization by the cells, & passing carbon dioxide from cells into the blood. Also called Cellular Respiration.
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Internal Respiration
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Normal respiration occurs ____ to ____ times per minute.
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14 to 20
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The mechanical movement of the chest & diaphragm resulting in the flow of air into & out of the lungs.
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Breathing
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Breathing as well as the utilization of oxygen & production of carbon dioxide by the body cells.
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Respiration
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1. Pulmonary ventilation
2. External Respiration 3. Internal Respiration |
3 steps of process of respiration
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1. Inspiration
2. Expiration |
2 processes of breathing
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Creates surface tension on alveoli. Premature babies do not always have sufficient amounts & thus must be placed in an oxygen-rich environment.
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Surfactant
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Breathing is controlled by the ____ and the ________ which are located in the brain stem.
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Medulla Oblongata
Pons |
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Brain sends impulses down the spinal cord to the _____ nerve which innervates the diaphragm.
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Phrenic
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If the brain stem is severely injured, if the spinal chord is severed in the ______ area, or if the phrenic nerve is severed: respiration will cease.
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cervical
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The medulla is governed by variations in _____ ______ which are detected by chemoreceptors in the _____ ______ of the aortic arch.
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blood chemistry
carotid body |
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The major regulator of respiration?
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Carbon dioxide level in the blood
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A high blood CO2 level stimulates respiration to allow ___ to be exhaled and ___ to enter the blood stream.
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CO2
O2 |
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A low CO2 level will (decrease/increase) the respiratory rate.
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decrease
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1. Diaphragm
2. Intercostal Muscles 3. Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) 4. Scalenes (elevate thoracic area) 5. External obliques, Internal obliques, transverse & rectus abdominus |
Muscles of respiration
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Nose
Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchi Lungs ciliated mucous membrane |
Parts of the respiratory system
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Nasal cavities lie between ....
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roof of the mouth & the cranium
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What seperates the nasal cavities?
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Vertical partition known as nasal septum
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The nasal cavities are constructed of bone covered by?
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ciliated mucous membranes
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Three projections on the side walls of the nose that greatly increase the surface area over which the air must travel before reaching the lungs.
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Nasal Conchae
or Turbinates |
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Mucous membranes of teh nose are very vascular because they contain many blood vessels which bring ___ & ___ to the surface.
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Warmth & Moisture
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1. Serves as passageway for air going to the lungs
2. Warms, moistens, & filters the air of impurities 3. Serves as organ of smell (receptors in mucosa) 4. Aids in phonation, especially of n, m, & ng |
Functions of the Nose
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Cavities lined with ciliated mucous membranes that open into the nasal cavities.
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Sinuses
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1. Frontal (2)
2. Maxillary (2) 3. Sphenoidal (2) 4. Ethmoidal (2) |
Sinuses - type & number
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Opens into the nasopharynx, & equilizes the air pressure between tje external & middle ear.
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Eustachian Tube
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Communicates indirectly with the lacrimal gland
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Nasolacrimal ducts
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A muscular tube-like structure, about 5 inches long, which extends from the base of the skull to the esophagus
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Pharynx
AKA Throat |
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Lies anterior to the cervical vertebrae
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Location of pharynx
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Pharynx is composed of ________ & is lined with ________
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smooth muscle
mucous membrane |
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1. Passes air from nasal cavity to larynx
2. Passes food & liquids from mouth to esophagus |
2 purposes of the pharynx
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1. Nasopharynx
2. Oropharynx 3. Laryngopharynx |
3 divisions of the pharynx
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The upper portion of the pharynx located behind the nose & above the palate
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Nasopharynx
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The portion of the pharynx that contains the pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids) & communicates with the eustachian tube
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Nasopharynx
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Middle portion of the pharynx that lies behind the mouth & between the palate & hyoid bone
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Oropharynx
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Portion of the pharynx that contains the palatine & lingual tonsils
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Oropharynx
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Lower portion of the pharynx that lies immediately below the hyoid bone & above the larynx
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Laryngopharynx
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The organ of voice that acts as a passageway for air between the pharynx & trachea. It lies at the upper end of the trachea & just below the pharynx. It si shaped like a triangular box with flat sides & a prominant ridge in front.
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Larynx
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The larynx consists of (8/9/10) pieces of cartilage which are connected by ligaments & are moved by various muscles.
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9
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Large cartilage of the larynx that forms the Adams apple (larger in men than women)
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Thyroid Cartilage
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Cartilage that covers the entrance into the larynx when swallowing, thus preventing food or liquids from entering the airway.
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Epiglottis
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Lowest cartilage of the larynx shaped like a signet ring
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Cricoid Cartilage
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One of 2 pairs of cords of the larynx: these lie at the upper end along the sides of the larynx.
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False vocal cords
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One of 2 pairs of cords of the larynx: these Lie directly under the other pair.
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True Vocal Cords
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The space (slit) between the vocal folds
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glottis
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____ vocal cords make the vocal sounds & are set into vibration by the flow of air from the lungs.
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True
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Extends from the lower edge of the larynx to the bronchi. About 11cm (4.5") in length & about 2 to 2.5cm (1") from side to side. It is a tube of smooth muscle strengthened & held open by 16 to 20 C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage; the open portion of the C-shape is towards the posterior which lies next to the esophagus.
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Trachea
AKA Windpipe |
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The trachea is lined with mucous membrane and provides an open passageway for air from the larynx to the ________
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Bronchi of the Lungs
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Obstruction of this for even a few minutes can cause death by asphyxiation.
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trachea
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Waste product of respiration?
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CO2
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Hair-like projections on the lining of the respiratory system are called?
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Cilia
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The use each body cell makes of its oxygen supply is described as?
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Internal respiration
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An important function of teh alveoli in the respiratory system is to pass O2 from the respiratory system into the ________ system.
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Cardio-Pulmonary
or Circulatory |
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Foods & fluids are kept out of the trachea by the function of the ________.
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Epiglottis
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The vocal cords are in the ______.
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larynx
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The respiratory tract is lined with?
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mucous membrane
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Hoarseness or the inability to make voice sounds probably would be a result of inflamation of the ________
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larynx?
vocal cords? |
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Adenoids is the common term for the _____.
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Pharyngeal Tonsils
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The system that serves to exchange gases between the air & the blood is known as ________.
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Respiratory system
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Many children with tonsilitis develope an ear infection. This is because the ear & throat are connected by the ________.
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Eustachian tube
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The space between the Lungs is known as the _______.
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Mediastinum
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The nerve that controls the diaphragm is known as the _______ nerve.
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Phrenic
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The larynx is usually larger in the _____.
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Male
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The tonsils which are removed suring a tonsilectomy are located in the ______
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Oropharynx
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The true vocal cords are fibrous bands that stretch across the ______.
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larynx
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Another name for the chest is the ____.
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Thorax
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The Trachea is also known as the Throat. (T/F)
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True
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Bronchi consists of 4 primary bronchi (T/F)
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False
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The right bronchus is shorter & more verticle than the left bronchus. (T/F)
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True
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The bronchioles divide into secondary bronchi. (T/F)
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False
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The alveoli (enveloped by a network of capillaries) provide spaces where gaseous exchange between the air & the blood can occur. (T/F)
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True
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The lungs contain the aveoli which are essential for (water/gaseous) exchange.
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gaseous
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At birth the lungs are (pink/gray) but with increasing age they become (pink/gray) color due to the inhalation of dust, polution, & smoke.
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pink
gray |
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The (left/right) lung is slightly larger, heavier, & shorter by about 1" than the other side.
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right
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The lungs are spongy, elastic, & (sink/float) in water
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float
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The apex of the lung is the point (lower/upper) margin which extends slightly above the (clavicle/diaphragm).
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Upper
Clavicle |
