Respiratory System

Front 1

This membrane filters the air

Back 1

mucus membrane

Front 2

A low level of O2 in all of your tissues

Back 2

Hypoxia

Front 3

A low level of O2 in your blood

Back 3

Hypoxcemia

Front 4

Hyperoxia

Back 4

The flooding of the system of O2.

Front 5

The air exchanged over the course of a minute is referred to as

Back 5

Minute Volume

Front 6

Apssive process of molecules moving from an area of higher concentration to an area of lesser concentration

Back 6

Diffusion

Front 7

Abbreviation for partial pressure of oxygen

Back 7

PO2

Front 8

Abbreviation for partial pressure of Carbon Dioxide

Back 8

PCO2

Front 9

The opening to the back of the nose

Back 9

Nasopharynx

Front 10

The opening to the back of the mouth

Back 10

Oropharynx

Front 11

the opening to the top of the airway

Back 11

Laryngopharynx

Front 12

cartilaginous ridge within the trachea that runs anteroposteriorly between the two primary bronchi at the site of the tracheal bifurcation at the lower end of the trachea...

Back 12

Carina

Front 13

fork pertaining to the division or branching of an object into two branches, such as the branching of blood vessels or bronchi. bifurcated, adj.

Back 13

Bifurcate

Front 14

On average how many cc's of air does an average adult inhale and exhale

Back 14

500-800 cc

Front 15

Of the 500 - 800 cc of air how much air remains in the passageways and is unavailable for gas exchange

Back 15

150 cc

Front 16

what is the average minute volume neccessary to remove carbon dioxide and bring sufficient oxygen

Back 16

6000 to 16000cc

Front 17

When diaphragm and respiratory muscle relax, reducing thoracic volume and forcing air out of lungs is

Back 17

Passive

Front 18

Lower airway problem

Back 18

wheezing

Front 19

upper airway problem

Back 19

Stridor

Front 20

AHA guidlines (new)

Back 20

Circulation
Airway
Breathing

Front 21

Conscious and alert patient

Back 21

Airway
Breathing
Circulation

Front 22

Indications of OPA

Back 22

Maintain open airway in unresponsive, breathing patient who has no gag reflex or in patient being ventilated with BVM or other Positive Pressure Device.

Front 23

Advantages of an OPA

Back 23

Can be inserted quickly.
Counter obstruction by teeth and lips.
Facilitates suctioning.

Front 24

Disadvantages of an OPA

Back 24

Does not isolate trachea.
Cannot be inserted when teeth are clenched shut.
Can obstruct airway if not inserted properly.
Can be easily dislodged.

Front 25

Contraindications of an OPA

Back 25

Patients with a gag reflex.
Patients with severe maxillofacial injuries.

Front 26

Complications of an OPA

Back 26

Ensure airway is correctly positioned to prevent pushing the toungue back and obstructing airway.
Use correct size airway.
Immediately remove airway and be prepared to suction if patient gags or becomes responsive.

Front 27

Indications of a NPA

Back 27

Alleviation of soft tissue upper airway obstruction when oropharyngeal airway is contraindicated.

Front 28

Contraindications of a NPA

Back 28

Patients who have nazal obstructions.
Patients prone to nose bleeds.
Patients with nazal injury.
Patients with possible basilar skull fracture.

Front 29

Advantages of a NPA

Back 29

Can be inserted quickly.
Bypasses the toungue.
May be used when a gag reflex is present.
Can be used in presence of injuries to oral cavity.
Can be used when patient's teeth are clenched shut.

Front 30

Disadvantages of a NPA

Back 30

Smaller than OPA.
Does not isolate the trachea.
Difficult to suction through.
Can cause severe nose bleed if inserted to forcefully.
May cause pressure necrosis of nazal mucosa.
May kink and clog, obstructing airway.

Front 31

Complications of a NPA

Back 31

May precipate vomiting and laryngospasm.
May injure nazal mucosa causing bleeding and aspiration of clots into trachea.
Suction may be required.

Front 32

Advantages of a BVM

Back 32

Provides immediate means of ventilatory support.
conveys sense of compliance of patient's lungs.
Can be used with spontaneously breathing patients.
Can deliver oxygen-enrich mixture.

Front 33

Disadvantages to a BVM

Back 33

Hard to maintain an adequate seal.
Difficult to deliver adequate tidal volume.

Front 34

Indications to a BVM

Back 34

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Front 35

Contraindications to a BVM

Back 35

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Front 36

Complications to a BVM.

Back 36

Maintaining a good seal.

Front 37

Pharyngotracheal Lumen Airway Advantages

Back 37

Inserted blindly, requiring no special equipment or visualization of upper airway.
Can be inserted with patient's head in neutral position.
EMT-I is not required to maintain face seal as oropharyngeal cuff eliminates needs for face masks.
can protect trachea from upper airway bleeding or secretions.
When longer tube is situated in esophagus, oropharynx cuff can be deflated to allow the device to be moved to the left side of patient's mouth.
Permits endotracheal intubation while continuing esophageal occlusion.

Front 38

Pharyngotracheal Lumen Airway disadvantages

Back 38

Sometimes difficult to identify tube location, resulting in ventilation being delivered through the wrong tube.
Pharyngeal or esophageal walls may be torn or ruptured during insertion.
Does not keep patient from aspirating foreign materials (such as blood or vomitus) present in upper airway when longer tube is in esophagus.

Front 39

Pharyngotracheal Lumen Airway Contraindications

Back 39

Persons under 16 years of age.
Persons under 5 feet or over 6'7" tall.
When caustic substances have been swallowed.
When patient has history of esophageal disease or alcoholism.
Presence of a gag reflex.

Front 40

Esophageal tracheal combitube advantages

Back 40

Inserted without visualization of vocal cords.
No need to maintain constant face mask seal.

Front 41

Esophageal tracheal combitube contraindications

Back 41

Gag reflex.
Patients under 4 feet tall.
Patients who have ingested caustic substances.
Known esophageal disease.
Equipment required includes; combitube kit w/syringes, water-soluble lubricant, suctioning unit, bag-valve-devise or demand valve,

Front 42

Endotracheal intubation Indications

Back 42

When unable to ventilate unresponsive patient with convential methods.
Whenprolonged artificial ventilation is needed.
Patients who cannot protect their airway (coma, respiratory and cardiac arrest).
Patients experiencing or likely to experience upper airway compromise.
Unresponsive patientswho lack a gag reflex.
When there is a decreased tidal volume do to slow respirations.
Airway obstruction due due to foreign bodie, trauma, or anaphylaxis.

Front 43

Endotracheal intubation contraindications

Back 43

Epigglottitis.
May precipitate laryngospasm.

Front 44

Endotracheal intubation Advantages

Back 44

Seals trachea, reducing the risk of aspirating blood, vomitus, and other foreign materials into lungs.
Facilitates ventilation and oxygenation, since tight face seal is not required.
Prevents gastric insufflation since air is delivered directly into trachea during positive pressure ventilation.
Direct route into trachea allows easy suctioning of the trachea and bronchi.
Provides effective route for adminstration of some medications(epi, atropine, lidocaine, and naloxone).
Particulary beneficial in presence of peripheral vascular collapse such as often occurs in cardiac arrest.

Front 45

Endotracheal intubation Disadvantages

Back 45

Complicated skill requiring extensive initial and ongoing training to ensure proficiency.
Requires specialized equipment.
Vocal cords must be visualized to place tubes.

Front 46

Endotracheal intubation Complications

Back 46

Continual reassessment of tube placement is required.
Accidential displacement is common.

Front 47

Pocket mask

Back 47

Prevents contact between patient and EMT-I.
More effective at delivering adequate tidal volumes than BVM.
Easy to use since both hands can hold mask to patient's face.
Some have one way valves that prevent contact with patient's expired air; reduces risk of infection.

Front 48

Nazal Cannula

Back 48

24-44% oxygen at 1 to 6 L/min.
Experiencing minor to moderate hypoxia.
Predisposed to carbon dioxide retention.
Frightened or feel suffocated with other delivery devices.
Feeling nauseous or vomiting.

Front 49

Simple face mask

Back 49

40-60% oxygen at 8 to 12 L/min.
Flow rates should be at least 8 L/min.

Front 50

Nonrebreather Mask

Back 50

60-100% oxygen at 10 to 15 L/min.
Deliver at least 10lpm.
Respiratory compromise.
shock.
Acute myocardial infarction.
Trauma.
Carbon monoxide poisoning.

Front 51

Venturi Mask

Back 51

24-40% oxygen depending on the amount of oxygen desired.