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104 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is respiration?
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exchange of oxygen & co2 in the environment
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external respiration
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0xygen inhaled & co2 is exhaled from lungs
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internal respiration
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oxygen passes out bloodstream into tissue cells & co2 passes from tissues into bloodstream
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nose
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air enters body thru nostrils & passes into nasal cavities
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nasal cavity
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lined w/mucous & cilia that helps filter FB, warms & moistens air breathed
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pharynx
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throat & has 3 parts
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3 parts of larynx
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Larynog-pharynx
Oro-pharynx Naso-pharynx |
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naso-pharynx
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contains adenoids (pharyngeal tonsils)
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oro-pharynx
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palatine tonsils
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Laryngo-pharynx
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passageway for food & air from the mouth & nose. (has 2 branches)
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2 branches of Laryngopharynx & function
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larynx & esophagus; carry food to the stomach
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Larynx aka
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voicebox contains Vocal Cords surrounded by cartilage.
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____closes during swallowing to cover the larynx
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epiglottis
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trachea
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windpipe; 4 1/2" long kept open by 20 c shaped rings of cartilage. (divides into 2 branches)
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branch the trachea divides into
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bronchi
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bronchi function
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tubes that branch into seperate lungs & subdivide into smaller tubes.
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aka "the branches of the tree" bronchi subdivides into?
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bronchioles
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bronchioles
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small tubes whose walls contain only smooth muscle. ech bronchiole narrow into air ducts
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respiratory organs
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pharynx, larynx, nose, bronchi, lungs,trachea
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the name of the airducts bronchioles narrow into
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alveoli
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2 branches of Laryngo-pharynx & function
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larynx & esophagus; carry food to the stomach
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Larynx aka
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voicebox contains Vocal Cords surrounded by cartilage.
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____closes during swallowing to cover the larynx
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epiglottis
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trachea
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windpipe; 4 1/2" long kept open by 20 c shaped rings of cartilage. (divides into 2 branches)
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branch the trachea divides into
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bronchi
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bronchi function
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tubes that branch into seperate lungs & subdivide into smaller tubes.
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aka "the branches of the tree" bronchi subdivides into?
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bronchioles
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bronchioles
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small tubes whose walls contain only smooth muscle. ech bronchiole narrow into air ducts
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6 respiratory organs
pharells nose lungs trapped larrys brocolli |
nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs
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the name of the airducts bronchioles narrow into
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alveoli
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alveoli
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air sacs (300 mil/lung) lined w/ 1 cell layer of Epithelium that allows the exchange of oxy & co2
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lung capillaries
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accepts oxy from alveoli & deposits co2 into alveolus
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right lung
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larger than left; has 3 lobes
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left lung
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smaller than right; has 2 lobes
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apex
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upper lung
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base
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lower part of lung
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helix
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region where blood vessels, nerves, lymphatic tissue & bronchial tubes enter & exit lung
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pleura
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double fold membrane that covers each lung
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parietal pleura
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outer layer of pleura near ribs
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visceral pleura
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inner layer closest to the lungs
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diaphragm
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muscle separating the abdominal cavity from the thoracic cavity; most important muscle of inspiration
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2 functions of respiratory system
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1.air distribution
2.gas exchange |
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3 structures in Upper Respiratory system
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1 nose
2 larynx 3 pharynx |
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3 structures in Lower Respiratory
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1.tachea, 2.branchi, 3.lungs
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3 structures assist w/exchange of gases btwn blood & air
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thin walls of alveoli, capilaries, resp. membrane
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2 functions of nose
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warm & humidify air
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2 functions of respiratory mucosa
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trap contaminants & humidify air
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3 structures make up larynx
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thyroid cartilage, epiglottis,vocal chords
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function of cilia
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push mucus & contaminants toward pharynx
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what are lacrimal sacks & where are they located?
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teat ducts; btwn eyes & nose
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pharynx is part of what 2 body systems
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resp. & digestive
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____ is known as the windpipe & connect the larynx to the bronchi
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trachea
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____ are small air distribution tubes that have thin walls w/out cartilage
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bronchioles
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___ thin layer of tissue that separates air in lungs & blood in lung capillaries
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resp. membrane
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____ structures where gasses are exchanged bwtn the blood & air in the lungs
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aveoli
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the primary bronchi enter this structure from the trachea
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lungs
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structure aka the throat
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pharaynx
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membrane that lines most of the tubes of air distribution system?
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resp. mucosa
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these tubes branch from trachea & have cartilage as par of their structure
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bronchi
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thin membrane that lines the thoracic cavity & covers the lungs
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pleura
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what are auditory tubes? where are they located?
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Eustachian tubes connect middle ear to nasopharynx
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2 types of tonsils
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palatine, pharygeal
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what is tonsillectomy
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removal of tonsils
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why are tonsillectomies less common
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stronger antibiotics, we need them for immnunity
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what is rhinitis,& cause
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nasal mucosa; allergies/infection
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what is pharyngitis
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throat infection
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what is laryngitis
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larynx infection
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what is coup
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non-life threatening laryngitis @ age 3
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deviated septum
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septum strays from midline; nasal larger
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IRDS; infant respiratory distress syndrome
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life-threatening condition affects premature infants born less than 37wks or less than 5lbs; lack of surfactant in alveolar sacs
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adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
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impairment of removal of surfactant in the alveoli; can be caused by inhalation of water, vomit, smoke or chemical fumes
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pleurisy
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inflammation of the parietal pleura; difficulty breathing and stabbing pain
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atelectasis
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incomplete expansion or collapse of the lung
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pneumothorax
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air in the pleural space; caused by puncture wound to the chest wall or rupture of the visceral pleura
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hemothorax
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blood in the pleural space
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the exchange of gases btwn the cells & blood is
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internal respiration
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exchange of gasses btwn the lung & the blood is ___
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external respiration
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the use of oxygen for the cell metabolism is
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cellular respiration
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2 parts of pulmonary respiration
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inhale -> inspiration
exhale -> expiration |
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external resp. needs higher oxy content in the ____ than blood
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lungs
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internal resp. needs higher oxy content in ____ than the cells
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blood
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spirometeer used for
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measure lung function
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tidal volume
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amount of air moves in & out during normal breathing
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the amount of air that can be forcefully taken in after normal inhalation ___
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IRV, inspiratory reserve volume
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the amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after tidal volume
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ERV; expiratory reserve volume
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equation ;
volumes includes in vital capacity |
TV + IRV + ERV = VC
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normal respiration rate
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12-20 bpm
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2 most important respiratory control center in the brain
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medulla, pons
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part of brain that control voluntary breathing
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cerebral cortex
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2 chemorereptors that help regulate breathing
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caratoids, aorta
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euponea
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normal unlabored breathing
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hyperventilation
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fast breathing
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hyoventilation
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slow breathing
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dyspnea
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difficulty breathing
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orthopnea
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shortness of breath lying down
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apnea
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periods of not breathing
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cheyne-stokes
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abnormal pattern; tachy/brady
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respiratory arrest
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stop breathing
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cause/symptoms of pneumonia
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infection; trouble breathing/coughing
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cause/symptoms of tuberculosis
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tuberculin bacteria; fatigue/sob
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cause/symptoms of emphysema
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smoking; sob, dizziness, chest pain
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cause/symptoms of asthma
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hereditary or pollution; sob, edema
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cause/symptoms of lung cancer
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smoking; sob, hemoptosis
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treatment for lung cancer
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chemo, surgery, radiation, photodynamic therapy
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