Respiratory Physiology

Front 1

Lung Volume

Tidal Volume (TV)

Back 1

The volume inspired or expired with each normal breath.

Front 2

Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)

Back 2

--Volume that can be inspired over and above the tidal volume.

--Is used during exercise.

Front 3

Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)

Back 3

--Volume that be expired after the expiration of a tidal volume.

Front 4

Residual Volume (RV)

Back 4

--Is the volume that remains in the lungs after a maximal expiration

--Cannot be measured by spirometry

Front 5

Dead Space

(Anatomical)

Back 5

A) Anatomical Dead Space

--is the volume of the conducting airways.

--is normally approximately 150 mL

Front 6

Dead Space

(Physiological)

Back 6

B) Physiological Dead Space

--Defined as the volume of the lungs that does not participate in gas exchange.

--Is approximately equal to the anatomic dead space in normal lungs. (May be greater than the anatomical dead space in lung diseases in which there are ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) defects).

Front 7

Physiological Dead Space Equation

Back 7

Vd = Vt * (PaC02 - PEC02)/PaC02

Vd = physiological dead space
Vt = tidal volume
PaC02 = PCO2 of arterial blood (mmHg)
PEC02 = PCO2 of expired air (mmHg)

Front 8

Lung Capacities

Inspiratory Capacity

Back 8

Is the sum of tidal volume and IRV

Front 9

Lung Capacities

Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)

Back 9

--Volume remaining in the lungs after a tidal volume is expired.

--sum of ERV and residual volume

--Includes the residual volume, so it cannot be measured by spirometry.

--

Front 10

Vital Capacity (VC) or forced vital capacity (FVC)

Back 10

--volume of air that can be forcibly expired after a maximal inspiration