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7 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What two factors affect air flow and the change to overcome transmural pressure
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airway resistance, lung compliance
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Resistive forces that affect the movement of air in and out?
1. Inertia 2. Friction |
1. tendency for a structure to move
2. i) lunch and chest wall tissue surfaces moving past each other ii) lung tissue past itself iii) frictional resistance to flow of air through the airways. (Represents 80% of total airway resistance) |
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Resistance exists where there is flow
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Increase driving pressure, you increase flow. Resistance is inversely proportional to flow rate. Total cross sectional area outweighs the fact that the airways are small.
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Neural receptors on smooth muscle
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Cholinergic receptors; stimulated by Ach; parasympathetic; vagus nerve --> muscarinic M3 --> bronchoconstriction (dominant at rest in regulating airway smooth muscle tone)
Adrenergic receptors; stimulated by adrenaline released by adrenal medulla -> B2 receptors - sympathetic; noradrenaline leads to bronchodilation |
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What is emphysema and what is it's effect on compliance and elasticity
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its disappearing lung disease due to smoking or genetically inherited. Leads to alveolar wall destruction; causes and increase in lung compliance and decrease in elastin.
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What is pulmonary fibrosis and what does it do to lung compliance? On the static compliance curve
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Collagen deposits in alveolar walls (a response to lung injury, e.g. asbestosis) and its a decrease in lung compliance. High curve; hyper inflated; low FRC - tendency to go towards 0 FRC and thus inflate.
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alveolar ventilation. Factors that affect it?
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portion of breathing that reaches the alveoli and participates in gas exchange. Ventilation (L of air/min) and perfusion (dead space) affect gas exchange
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