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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate, chlorpheniramine |
1st generation H1 blockers: reversibile inhibition of H1 histamine receptors Uses: allergy, motion sickness, sleep aid Toxicity: Sedation, antimuscarinic, anti-alpha-adrenergic |
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Loratadine, fexofenadine, desloratadine, cetirizine |
2nd generation H1 blockers Clinical uses: allergies Toxicities: Less than H1, decreased CNS entry |
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Expectorant -- thins respiratory secretions; does not suppress cough reflex |
Guaifenesin |
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Mucolytic--can loosen mucous plugs in CF patient. Also used as antidote for acetaminophen overdose |
N-acetylcysteine |
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Antitussive (antagonizes NMDA glutamate receptors). Synthetic codeine analog. Has mild opioid effect when used in excess. Naloxone can be given for overdose. Mild abuse potential. |
Dextromethorphan |
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Sympathomimetic alpha-agonistic nonprescription nasal decongestants |
Pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine |
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Reduce hyperemia, edema, and nasal congestion; open obstructed eustachian tubes
Toxicity = hypertension (can also cause CNS stimulation/anxiety) |
Pseudoephedrine, phenylephine
Pseudoephedrine used in meth and can cause the anxiety side effect |
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What two pathways mediate bronchoconstriction? |
1. Inflammatory processes 2. Parasympathetic tone |
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Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle (B2). Used during acute exacerbation. |
Albuterol (B2 agonist) |
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Long-acting agents for prophylaxis. Adverse effects are tremor and arrhythmia |
Salmeterol, formoterol (terbutatline?) B2 agonists |
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Likely causes bronchodilation by inhibiting phosphodiesterase => increased cAMP levels due to decreased cAMP hydrolysis. Narrow therapeutic index, metabolized by P-450. Blocks action of adenosine. |
Theophylline (methylxanthines) |
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Competitive block of muscarinic receptors, preventing bronchoconstriction. Also used to COPD, as is tiotropium, a long-acting muscarinic antagonist |
Ipratropium (muscarinic antagonist) |
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Inhibit synthesis of virtually all cytokines. Inactivate Nf-kB, the transcription factor that induces production of TNF-alpha and other inflammatory agents. 1st line therapy for chronic asthma. |
Beclomethasone, fluticasone (corticosteroids) |
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Block leukotriene receptors. Good for aspirin-induced asthma |
Montelukast, zafirlukast (antileukotrienes) |
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A 5-lipoxygenase pathway inhibitor. Blocks conversion of arachidonic acid to leukotrienes. |
Zileuton (antileukotrienes) |
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Monoclonal anti-IgE antibody. Binds mostly unbound serum IgE and blocks binding to FceRI. Used in allergic asthma resistant to inhaled steroids and long acting B2 agonists. |
Omalizumab |
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Muscarinic receptor agonist. Used in bronchial provocation challenge to help diagnose asthma. |
Methacholine |
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Used to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension. Competitively antagonized endothelin-1 receptors, decreased pulmonary vascular resistance. |
Bosentan |
