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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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H1 blockers |
Reversible inhibitors of H1 histamine receptors |
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1st generation H1 blockers |
Diphenhydramine Dimenhydrinate Chloropheniramine |
-en/ine or -en/ate 1st gen H1 |
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1st gen H1 blockers clinical use |
Allergy, motion sickness, sleep aid |
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1st gen H1 blockers toxicity |
Sedation, antimuscarinic, anti-alpha-adrenergic |
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2nd generation H1 blockers |
Loratadine Fexofenadine Desloratadine Cetirizine |
-adine |
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2nd gen H1 blockers clinical use |
Allergy |
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2nd gen H1 blockers toxicity |
Far less sedating than 1st gen due to reduced entry into CNS |
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Guaifenesin |
Expectorant. Thins respiratory secretions. Doesn't suppress cough reflex |
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N-acetylcysteine |
Mucolytic. Can loosen mucous plugs in CF pts. AtD for acetaminophen OD |
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Dextromethorphan |
Antitussive - antagonises NMDA glutamate receptors. Synthetic codeine analogue. Mild opioid effect when used in XS. AtD Naloxone - mild abuse potential |
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Pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine |
Sympathomimetic alpha-agonsitic nonprescription nasal decongestants |
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Pseudoephedrine/P clinical use |
Reduce hyperemia, oedema, nasal congestion. Opens obstructive Eustachian tubes. Pseudoephedrine can also be used illicitly to use methamphetamine |
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Pseudoephedrine/P toxicity |
Hypertension. Pseudoephedrine can also cause CNS stimulation/anxiety |
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Asthma drugs |
Beta-2 agonists Methylxanthines Muscarinic antagonists Corticosteroids Antileukotrienes Omalizumab Tx directed at inflammatory processes and parasympathetic tone that cause bronchoconstriction |
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Beta-2 agonists |
Albuterol Salmeterol, formoterol |
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Albuterol |
Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle. Use during acute exacerbation |
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Salmeterol, formoterol |
Long acting agents for prophylaxis. Adverse effects = tremor, arrhythmia |
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Methylxanthines |
Theophylline. Inhibits Phosphodiesterase -> bronchodilation. Usage limited due to narrow therapeutic index - Cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity. Metabolised by cytochrome P459. Blocks actions of adenosine |
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Muscarinic antagonists |
Ipratropium. Competitively blocks muscarinic receptors -> prevents bronchoconstriction. Also used for COPD (+ tiotropium - long acting MA) |
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Corticosteroids |
Beclomethasone, fluticasone. Inhibits synthesis of virtually all cytokines. Inactivates NF-kappaB = transcription factor that induces production of TNF-alpha and other inflammatory agents. First line tx for chronic asthma |
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Antileukotrienes |
Montelukast, zafirlukast Zileuton |
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Montelukast, zafirlukast |
Block leukotriene receptors. Especially NB for ASA-induced asthma |
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Zileuton |
5-lipoxygenase pathway inhibitor. Blocks conversion of arachidonic acid to leukotrienes |
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Omalizumab |
Monoclonal anti-IgE ab. Binds mostly unbound serum IgE + blocks binding to FcEpsilonRI. Used in allergic asthma resistant inhaled steroids and long acting beta2-agonists |
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Metacholine |
Muscarinic receptor agonist. Used in bronchial provocation challenge - help dx asthma |
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Bosentan |
Used to tx pulmonary arterial hypotension. Competitively antagonises endothelin-1 receptors -> decreases pulmonary vascular resistance |
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