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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name drugs used for long term control of asthma (daily drugs)
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Corticosteroids -inhaled and oral
Cromolyn/nedocromil Long acting beta 2 agonists Methylxanthines Leukotriene modifiers Immunomodulators |
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These drugs are highly lipophilic and rapidly enter airway cells and bind to receptors
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Inhaled corticosteroids
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Beclomethasone
Budesonide Flunisolide Fluticasone propionate Mometasone Triamcinolone What is class of drugs |
Inhaled corticosteroids
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These drugs are indicated for long term prevention of symptoms of asthma, suppression, control and reversal of inflammation, reduce need for oral corticosteroids
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Inhaled corticosteroids
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What are the adverse effects of inhaled corticosteroids
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Cough, dysphonia, oral thrush
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Most potent and consistently effective long term control medications for asthma, safe and well tolerated at recommended dosage
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Inhaled corticosteroids
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How can you reduce potential for adverse effects with inhaled corticosteroids
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Use spacer and rinse mouth, use lower dose possible, use in combination with long acting beta agonist, monitor growth in kids and consider adding Ca or vit D in adults to prevent osteoporosis
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Name systemic corticosteroids used for treatment of asthma
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Prednisone
Prednisolone Methylprednisolone |
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These drugs are used for long term prevention of symptoms in severe persisten asthma and suppresion , control and reversal of inflammation
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Systemic corticosteroids
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What are the potential side effects of systemic corticosteroids with short term use
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Reversible abnormalities in glucose metabolis
Increased appetite Fluid retention Weight gain Peptic ulcer Aseptic necrosis of femur -RARE |
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What are the potential side effects of systemic corticosteroids with long term use
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Adrenal axis suppression
Growth suppression Dermal thinning Hypertension Diabetes Cushing disease Cataracts Muscle weakness Impaired immune function Osteoporosis |
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Name two cromones used in treatment of asthma
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Cromolyn sodium
Nedocromil |
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This drug is used for long term prevention of symptoms, may modify inflammation, can be used as preventive treatment prior to exposure to exercise or known allergen
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Cromolyn
Nedocromyl |
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What are the side effects of cromones
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Cough, irritation, unpleasant taste from nedocromyl
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Name long acting beta 2 agonists
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Salmeterol
Formoterol Albuterol |
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This drug is used for long term prevention of asthma symptoms added to anti inflammatory therapy, prevention of exercise induced bronchospasm
NOT TO BE USED FOR TREATMENT OF ACUTE SYMPTOMS OR EXACERBATION |
Long acting beta 2 agonists
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What are the potential side effects of long acting beta 2 agonists
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Tachycardia, skeletal muscle tremor, hypokalemia, prolongation of QT interval in overdose
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Can long acting beta agonists be first line drug
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NO - should not be first medication used, should ne added only if other meds do not control asthma, including low or medium dose inhaled corticosteroids
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What can relieve sudden wheezing in asthma patients
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Short acting bronchodilator
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Name methylxanthines used for treatment of asthma
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Theophylline
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This drug can be used for long term control and prevention of symptoms in mild persistent asthma, adjunctive with inhaled corticosteroids in moderate persistent asthma
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Theophylline
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What is the mechanism of action of theophylline
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Increase cAMP by competetive inhibition of phosphodiesterase
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What are the potential side effects of theophylline
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Tachycardia, nausea/vomitting, tachyarrhythmia, CNS stimulation, headache, seizures, hematemesis, hyperglycemia and hypokalemia
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Which anti asthmatic drug has narrow therapeutic index and requires close serum concentration monitoring
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Theophylline
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Name factors that DECREASE theophylline concentrations
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Food
Age 1-9 years old Phenobarbital Phenytoin Carbamazepine Rifampin Smoking |
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Name factors that increase theophylline concentrations
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Fatty foods
Influenza Macrolides Fluoroquinolones Cimetidine Ticlopidine |
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Name leukotriene inhibitors
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Zafirleukast
Monoleukast Zileuton |
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Which leukotriene modifier has been removed off market because of side effects
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Zileuton
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What do you need to monitor in patient on Zileuton
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LFT
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Anti IGE monoclonal body used for treatment of asthma
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Omalizumab
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Name short acting inhaled beta 2 agonists
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Albuterol
Pirbuterol Levalbuterol |
