Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
what are the fast acting b2-agonist?
|
albuterol
pirbuterol |
|
|
what are the long acting b2-agonist?
|
Salmeterol
|
|
|
what are fast acting b2-agonist prescribed for?
|
given by inhalation for bronchospasm
rescue inhaler |
|
|
what are long acting b2-agonist prescribed for?
|
nocturnal asthma
exercise induced asthma inhibits late phase allergen induced bronchoconstriction |
|
|
what are non-selective a- and b-agonist prescribed for?
|
used in respiratory emergencies
|
|
|
what is an example of a non-selective a- or b-2 agonist?
|
Epinephrine
|
|
|
what are the side effects of b2-agonist drugs?
|
can cause tachycardia, tremor, nervousness
|
|
|
Give an example of a cholinergic antagonist.
|
Ipratropeiam
|
|
|
what is Ipratropeiam used for treatment of?
|
best used for COPD
has synergistic effects with b2-agonist > dual treatment of asthma |
|
|
what are the side effects of cholinergic antagonist, Ipratropiam?
|
nasal dryness and dry mouth
|
|
|
what is Theophylline an example of?
|
phosphodiesterase inhibitor
|
|
|
how does theophylline work?
|
it is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor which increases cAMP concentration in the cell causing vasodilation
|
|
|
what effects on the respiratory system does Theophylline have?
|
inhibits mucus secretions
decreases histamine release |
|
|
what are the side effects of theophylline?
|
CV and CNS stimulation
GI Irritation |
|
|
what are the different class of anti-inflammatory drugs used to treat respiratory diseases?
|
Glucocorticoids
Mast cell stabilizers Leukotriene inhibitors Leukotriene synthesis inhibitor |
|
|
what is an example of a non-selective a- or b-2 agonist?
|
Epinephrine
|
|
|
what are the side effects of b2-agonist drugs?
|
can cause tachycardia, tremor, nervousness
|
|
|
Give an example of a cholinergic antagonist.
|
Ipratropeiam
|
|
|
what is Ipratropeiam used for treatment of?
|
best used for COPD
has synergistic effects with b2-agonist > dual treatment of asthma |
|
|
what are the side effects of cholinergic antagonist, Ipratropiam?
|
nasal dryness and dry mouth
|
|
|
what effects do Glucocorticoids have on the respiratory system?
|
decreases inflammation, edema, histamine release, and is used in prophylactics
|
|
|
what are the orally inhaled Glucocorticoids?
|
Beclemathasone
Triamcinolone Budesonide |
|
|
what are the nasally inhaled Glucocorticoids?
|
Beclemethasone
Triamcinolone |
|
|
which glucocorticoid is okay to use during pregnancy?
|
Budesonide
|
|
|
how long will it take to see the therapeutic effects of Glucocorticoids?
|
may take up to several weeks to see improvement
|
|
|
what are the side effects of all glucocorticoids?
|
hoarseness, fungal growth, suppression of adrenal-pituitary axis
|
|
|
what is the mechanism of action of Cromolyn?
|
mast cell stabilizer
no direct anti-inflammatory effect inhibits calcium influx > binds to & stabilizes membrane > inhibits the release of inflammatory products from mast cells |
|
|
If a patient comes into the ED with an acute respiratory attack, would you use Cromolyn to treat them?
|
NO
prophylactic only mast cell stabilizer |
|
|
Name 2 Leukotriene antagonist.
|
Zafirlukast
Montelukast |
|
|
how do Leukotriene inhibitors work?
|
block action of LTD4, C4, E4
prevent inflammation, bronchoconstriction, formation of thick viscous mucus |
|
|
what phase of constriction is inhibited by Leukotriene inhibitors, Zafirlukast/Montelekast?
|
inhibits late and early phase constriction
|
|
|
are leukotriene inhibitors used in the treatment of severe asthma?
|
NO
only used to treat long term therapy of mild-moderate asthma |
|
|
Should a b2-agonist and a leukotriene inhibitor be used together?
|
YES
enhances the effect of B2-agonist increasing bronchodilation |
|
|
what is a major side effect of Zafirlukast?
|
10% or greater experienced extreme headaches
|
|
|
what type of drug is Zileuton?
|
leukotriene synthesis inhibitor
|
|
|
what does Zileuton inhibit?
|
inhibits 5-lipoxygenase which responsible for the conversion of AA > Leukotrienes
|
|
|
how is Zileuton administered?
|
administered 4X daily
is very expensive with increased administration = decreased compliance of patients |
|
|
what type of asthma is Zileuton used to treat?
|
mild to moderate asthma
|
|
|
what is an adverse effect of Zileuton?
|
20% of patients have headaches
respiratory infections pain and fatigue |
|
|
What is Guaifensin?
|
Expectorant
it decreases the viscosity of mucus and increases cough productivity |
|
|
what are two drugs that are antitusives that are used in the treatment of asthma?
|
Codeine and Dextromthorphan
central acting suppressant of a non-productive cough |
