Pharmacology Cardio Drugs & What They Are Used For

Front 1

what is an adverse side effect of diuretics?

Back 1

may precipitate gout

Front 2

Hydrochlorothiazide

Back 2

thiazide diuretic
antiHTN
heart failure med

Front 3

Indapamide

Back 3

thiazide diuretic
antiHTN
heart failure med

Front 4

which type of diuretic may aggravate DM?

Back 4

thiazides

Front 5

which type of diuretic may decrease calcium in urine?

Back 5

Thiazides

Front 6

who are loop diuretics used to treat?

Back 6

used in patients with renal disease, heart disease, cirrhosis

Front 7

Furosemide

Back 7

loop diuretic
antiHTN
heart failure med

Front 8

Bumetanide

Back 8

loop diuretic
antiHTN
heart failure med

Front 9

Toresemide

Back 9

loop diuretic
heart failure med

Front 10

what are the potassium sparing diuretics?

Back 10

Amiloride
Spironolactone
Epleronone

Front 11

Amiloride

Back 11

potassium sparing diuretic
antiHTN
heart failure med

Front 12

Spironolactone

Back 12

potassium sparing diuretic
anti-HTN
heart failure med

Front 13

Eplerenone

Back 13

potassium sparing diuretic
severe heart failure med

Front 14

what are a-adrenoceptor antagonist drugs?

Back 14

Doxazosin
Prazosin
Terazosin
Phenoxy-benzamine
Phentolamine

Front 15

B1-selective antagonist drugs

Back 15

Atenolol
Metoprolol
Bisprolol
Esmolol
Propanolol

Front 16

B- and a-selective adrenceptor antagonist drugs

Back 16

Carvedilol
Labetolol

Front 17

Doxazosin

Back 17

a-antagonist
anti-HTN

Front 18

Prazosin

Back 18

a-antagonist
anti-HTN

Front 19

Terazosin

Back 19

a-antagonist
anti-HTN

Front 20

Phenoxy-benzamine

Back 20

short term tx of HTN episodes caused by pheochromocytoma and HTN emergencies

Front 21

Phentolamine

Back 21

short term tx of HTN episodes caused by pheochromocytoma and HTN emergencies

Front 22

Atenolol

Back 22

B1-selective antagonist
anti-HTN
heart failure med

Front 23

Metoprolol

Back 23

B1-selective
anti-HTN
heart failure med
class II antiarrhythmic drug

Front 24

Bisprolol

Back 24

B1-selective
heart failure med

Front 25

Esmolol

Back 25

B1-selective
HTN emergencies via IV
Class II antiarrhythmic drug

Front 26

Propanolol

Back 26

non-selective B-antagonist
class II anti-arrhythmic

Front 27

Carvedilol

Back 27

B- and A- selective antagonist
anti-HTN
heart failure med
antioxidant and anti-inflammatory
class II anti-arrhythmic drug

Front 28

Labetolol

Back 28

B- and A- antagonist
anti-HTN

Front 29

Central acting sympatholytic drugs

Back 29

Clonidine
Guanabenz
Guanfacine
Methyldopa

Front 30

Clonidine

Back 30

anti-HTN
Central acting drug

Front 31

Guanabenz

Back 31

anti-HTN
central acting drug

Front 32

Guanfacine

Back 32

anti-HTN
central acting drug

Front 33

Methyldopa

Back 33

anti-HTN
central acting drug

Front 34

thiazides

Back 34

aggravate DM
decrease calcium in urine
osteoporosis protectant

Front 35

HCTZ

Back 35

thiazide diuretic
anti-HTN
heart failure med

Front 36

Indapamide

Back 36

thiazide diuretic
anti-HTN
heart failure med

Front 37

Loop diuretics

Back 37

used in patients with renal disease, heart disease, cirrhosis

Front 38

Furosemide

Back 38

loop diuretic
anti-HTN
heart failure med

Front 39

Bumetanide

Back 39

Loop diuretic
anti-HTN
heart failure med

Front 40

Torsemide

Back 40

heart failure med
loop diuretic

Front 41

Amiloride

Back 41

potassium sparing diuretic
anti-HTN
heart failure med

Front 42

Spironolactone

Back 42

potassium sparing diuretic
anti-HTN
SEVERE heart failure

Front 43

Eplerenone

Back 43

potassium sparing diuretic
SEVERE heart failure

Front 44

Doxazosin

Back 44

alpha-blocker
anti-HTN

Front 45

Prazosin

Back 45

alpha-blocker
anti-HTN

Front 46

Terazosin

Back 46

alpha-blocker
anti-HTN

Front 47

Phenoxy-benzamine

Back 47

alpha-blocker
short term tx of HTN episodes caused by pheochromocytoma and HTN emergencies

Front 48

Phentolamine

Back 48

short term tx of HTN episodes caused by pheochromocytoma and HTN emergencies

Front 49

Atenolol

Back 49

b1 selective antagonist
anti-HTN
heart failure med

Front 50

Metoprolol

Back 50

b1 selective antagonist
anti-HTN
heart failure med
Class II anti-arrhythmic

Front 51

Bisprolol

Back 51

heart failure med

Front 52

Esmolol

Back 52

b1 selective
for HTN emergencies via IV
Class II antiarrhythmic drug

Front 53

Propanolol

Back 53

non-selective b-antagonist
class II antiarrhythmic

Front 54

Carvedilol

Back 54

beta and alpha selective drugs
anti-HTN
heart failure med
antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties
Class II antiarrhythmic drug

Front 55

Labetolol

Back 55

beta and alpha selective
anti-HTN

Front 56

Clonidine

Back 56

centrally acting drug
anti-HTN

Front 57

Guanabenz

Back 57

central acting drug
anti-HTN

Front 58

Guanfacine

Back 58

central acting drug
anti-HTN

Front 59

Methyldopa

Back 59

central acting drug
anti-HTN

Front 60

ACE inhibitors

Back 60

all have 24 hour duration except Captopril

Front 61

Benazapril

Back 61

ACEI
anti-HTN

Front 62

Captopril

Back 62

ACEI
anti-HTN
heart failure med
6-12 hour duration of action
absorption decreased by food

Front 63

Enalapril

Back 63

ACEI
anti-HTN
heart failure med
active metabolite is in IV form

Front 64

Fosinopril

Back 64

ACEI
anti-HTN

Front 65

Lisinopril

Back 65

ACEI
anti-HTN
heart failure med

Front 66

Quinapril

Back 66

ACEI
anti-HTN
absorption decreased by food

Front 67

Ramipril

Back 67

ACEI
anti-HTN

Front 68

Angiotensin receptor blockers

Back 68

all have 24 hour duration of action

Front 69

Losartan

Back 69

ARB
anti-HTN
heart failure med
active metabolite

Front 70

Valsartan

Back 70

ARB
anti-HTN
heart failure med

Front 71

Candesartan

Back 71

ARB
anti-HTN
heart failure med
absorption not affected by food

Front 72

Direct Renin Inhibitor

Back 72

Aliskiren

Front 73

Aliskiren

Back 73

direct renin inhibitor
anti-HTN

Front 74

What is the difference between a dihyodropyridine and a non-dihyrodpyridine Calcium channel blocker?

Back 74

Dihydropyridine Calcium channel blockers have an effect on the vasculature, not directly affecting the heart, whereas the Non-dihydropyridine CCB have a direct effect on the cardiac muscle calcium channels.

Front 75

Verapamil

Back 75

non-dihyrodpyridine CCB
anti-HTN
anti-angina
Class IV anti-arrhythmia

Front 76

Diltiazem

Back 76

non-dihyrodpyridine CCB
anti-HTN
anti-angina
Class IV anti-arrhythmia

Front 77

What are the effects of Verapamil and Diltiazem on the cardiac tissue?

Back 77

have significant effect on cardiac tissue > decrease heart rate and cardiac output; both decrease protein excretion in patients with renal disease

Front 78

Bepridil

Back 78

Calcium channel blocker
anti-angina

Front 79

what are the Dihyropyridine calcium channel blockers?

Back 79

Amlodipine
Felodipine
Nicardipine
Nifedipine
Isradipine

Front 80

Amlodipine

Back 80

dihyrodpyridine CCB
anti-HTN
anti-angina

Front 81

Felodipine

Back 81

dihyrodpyridine CCB
anti-HTN

Front 82

Nicardipine

Back 82

dihyrdropyridine CCB
anti-HTN

Front 83

Nifedipine

Back 83

dihydropyridine CCB
anti-HTN
anti-angina

Front 84

Hydralazine

Back 84

vasodilator
causes reflex tachycardia
anti-HTN
heart failure med
causes lupus like syndrome

Front 85

Minoxidil

Back 85

anti-HTN
vasodilator
causes hypertrichosis
used in SEVERE HTN

Front 86

Nitroprusside

Back 86

vasodilator
administered via IV
used in HTN emergencies
converted to cyanide
short term use only to avoid metHG or cyanide poisoning

Front 87

Fenoldopam

Back 87

vasodilator
used in HTN emergencies
half life is 5 minutes
cases systemic vasodilation

Front 88

Nitroglycerin

Back 88

anti-angina
short duration of action
may develop tolerance if used long term

Front 89

Isosorbide dinitrate

Back 89

heart failure med
anti-angina

Front 90

Digoxin

Back 90

digitlis glycoside
heart failure med
positive inotropic
negative chronotropic (decrease HR)
increases parasympathetic tone
decreases sympathetic tone
increases intracellular sodium by inhibiting Na/K pump
increases intracellular calcium

Front 91

how does Digoxin affect the action potential of the heart

Back 91

spontaneous depolarization
decreases QT interval
increases PR interval
ST depression with hockey stick configuration on ECG

Front 92

how are b-adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of heart failure?

Back 92

short term use
IV administration

Front 93

Dobutamine

Back 93

b-adrenergic agonist
heart failure med
vasodilation

Front 94

Dopamine

Back 94

b-adrenergic agonist
IV administration only
short term use
heart failure med
increases renal perfusion

Front 95

Phosphodiesterase inhibitors

Back 95

short term use IV administration
inhibit the enzymes that inactivate cAMP and cGMP.
Increase contractility and vasodilation
heart failure meds
milrinone & Indamirinone

Front 96

Inamrinone

Back 96

phosphodiesterase inhibitor
heart failure med

Front 97

Milrinone

Back 97

phosphodiesterase inhibitor
do not mix furosemide and milrinone in IV > a precipitate will form

Front 98

Class IA antiarrhythmic drugs

Back 98

affinity for open sodium channels
long term suppression of arrhythmias
ok during pregnancy
slows conduction velocity
prolongs refractory period
increases QRS
increases QT interval
Disopyramide
Procainamide
quinodine

Front 99

Disopyramide

Back 99

Class IA anti-arrhythmic drug

Front 100

Procainamide

Back 100

class IA anti-arrhythmic drug
produces SLE like syndrome

Front 101

Quninodine

Back 101

class IA anti-arrhythmic
increases mortality rate

Front 102

Class IB anti-arrhythmic drugs

Back 102

affinity for inactivated sodium channels
use during pregnancy ok
long term suppresion

Front 103

Lidocaine

Back 103

class IB anti-arrhythmic
not first choice of drug

Front 104

Mexiletine

Back 104

Class IB anti-arrhythmic drug
long term suppresion

Front 105

Tocainide

Back 105

class IB anti-arrhythmic drug
may cause agranulocytosis

Front 106

Class IC anti-arrhythmic drugs

Back 106

affinity for open sodium channels
1st line choice for fetal SVT
used in treatment of SEVERE or LIFE threatening arrhythmias
Flecainide
Propafenone

Front 107

Flecainide

Back 107

Class IC anti-arrhythmic drug
may cause bronchospasm
life threatening or severe arrhythmias

Front 108

Propafenone

Back 108

Class IC anti-arrhythmic drug
may cause agranulocytosis
life threatening or severe arrhythmias
1st line choice for Fetal SVT

Front 109

Class II anti-arrhythmic

Back 109

B-blockers
Esmolol
Propanolol
Metoprolol
Caredilol (alpha and beta selective)
used in Tx of SV/V arrhythmia
reduces sudden death from MI
only drugs that reduce the mortality in asymptomatic patients

Front 110

Class III anti-arrhythmics

Back 110

Potassium channel blockers
increase PR interval
AVOID during PREGNANCY
Amiodarone
Dofetilide
Ibutilide
Sotalol

Front 111

Amiodarone

Back 111

Class III anti-arrhythmic
potent inhibitor of abnormal automaticity
increases PR interval

Front 112

Dofetilide

Back 112

Class III anti-arrhythmic

Front 113

Ibutilide

Back 113

IV administration
Class III anti-arrhythmic
used in treatment of a-fib/flutter
prolongs cardiac AP

Front 114

describe what the PR interval is.

Back 114

PR interval is time between onset of atrial depolarization and ventricular depolarization

Front 115

Sotalol

Back 115

Class III anti-arrhythmic with Class II properties (b-blocker)
chronic suppression of SV/V arrhythmias

Front 116

Class IV anti-arrhythmic drugs

Back 116

Calcium channel blockers
non-dihyrdopyridine CCB
direct effect on cardiac muscle
Diltiazem
Verapamil

Front 117

what are Class IV anti-arrhythmic drugs used to treat?

Back 117

Rx SVT
protects the heart in a-fib/flutter

Front 118

what is the class IV anti-arrhythmic drug that is preferred during pregnancy?

Back 118

Verapamil

Front 119

what effect do Class IV anti-arrhythmic drugs have on the cardiac AP?

Back 119

Calcium channel blockers
slow AV conduction velocity
prolong AV refractory period

Front 120

Phase 0 of action potential

Back 120

Sodium is main electrolyte moving

Front 121

Phase 2 of action potential

Back 121

Calcium is main electrolyte moving

Front 122

after depolarizations are believed to be a result of what?

Back 122

after depolarizations are a result from abnormal calcium influx into cardiac cell during or immediately after phase 3 of the ventricular AP

Front 123

EADs are often what?

Back 123

EADs are often bradycardia induced

Front 124

LADs are often what?

Back 124

LADs are often tachycardia induced

Front 125

phase 0

Back 125

ventricular depolarization
sodium influx

Front 126

phase 1

Back 126

membrane transiently repolarized
potassium influx

Front 127

phase 2

Back 127

membrane potential stable because of calcium influx

Front 128

phase 3

Back 128

repolarization
potassium efflux
calcium influx

Front 129

Phase 4

Back 129

sodium and potassium ions return to normal because of sodium/potassium pump