Respiratory

Front 1

HISTAMINES
zNaturally occurring ?
3 exs
zStored in ?

Back 1

HISTAMINES
zNaturally occurring in human tissue
ySkin
yIntestinal Mucosa
yRespiratory tract
zStored in mast cells

Front 2

HISTAMINE PHARMACOLOGY
zCARDIOVASCULAR (H1 effect)
yCerebral vessel dilation - causes ?
yCapillary ?
xIncreased ?
xDecreased ?
yIncreased ?
xAllows free passage ?
xLeads to ?

Back 2

HISTAMINE PHARMACOLOGY
zCARDIOVASCULAR (H1 effect)
yCerebral vessel dilation - causes histamine headache
yCapillary dilation
xIncreased vascular volume
xDecreased BP
yIncreased capillary permeability
xAllows free passage of plasma and protein
xLeads to edema

Front 3

HISTAMINE PHARMACOLOGY (H1)
2

Back 3

HISTAMINE PHARMACOLOGY (H1)
zBronchoconstriction

zSensory Nerve Ending - itch

Front 4

HISTAMINE (H2)PHARMACOLOGY
1(3)

Back 4

HISTAMINE PHARMACOLOGY
zGastrointestinal (H2 Effect)
ySecretagogue
xIncreases gastric acid section
xDirect effect on parietal cells

Front 5

MECHANISM OF ACTION
zStimulate histamine receptors

yH1 Receptor
xBlocked by ?
yH2 Receptor
xBlocked by ?

Back 5

MECHANISM OF ACTION
zStimulate histamine receptors

yH1 Receptor
xBlocked by antihistamines
yH2 Receptor
xBlocked by anti-ulcer H2 antagonists

Front 6

FUNCTIONS OF HISTAMINES
zHypersensitivity Reaction
2
zNormal Physiology
3

Back 6

FUNCTIONS OF HISTAMINES
zHypersensitivity Reaction
yAllergy
yAnaphylactic Shock
zNormal Physiology
yRegulate microcirculation
yTissue Growth and Repair
yGastric acid secretion

Front 7

CLINICAL USE OF HISTAMINE
1(1)

Back 7

CLINICAL USE OF HISTAMINE
zDiagnostic Agent
yAchlorhydria

Front 8

INHIBITION OF HISTAMINE RELEASE
ex(1)?
1
3 uses

Back 8

INHIBITION OF HISTAMINE RELEASE
zCromolyn
yProphylactic agent that inhibits histamine release from mast cells
yOral inhaler, nasal inhaler, and ophthalmic use

Front 9

ANTIHISTAMINES
3

Back 9

ANTIHISTAMINES
zBlocks H1 receptors so that histamines cannot bind and stimulate
zOnset of H1 blockade can be delayed 3 days if histamines have already been released
zOther properties
yanticholinergic

Front 10

ANTIHISTAMINE PHARMACOLOGY
zVASCULAR
1zNERVOUS SYSTEM
1
zSMOOTH MUSCLE
2

Back 10

ANTIHISTAMINE PHARMACOLOGY
zVASCULAR
yBlocks permeabilty and vasodilation
zNERVOUS SYSTEM
yBlocks itch
zSMOOTH MUSCLE
yAntagonizes bronchoconstriction
yNot acute therapy

Front 11

antihistamines Side Effects
2

Back 11

Side Effects
zSedation

zAnticholinergic

Front 12

antihistamines THERAPEUTIC USE
1(3)

Back 12

THERAPEUTIC USE
zSymptomatic relief of allergies
yExudative allergies
yAllergic dermatoses - hives, urticaria
yPruritis

Front 13

ANTIHISTAMINES
zIneffective for:
3?

Back 13

ANTIHISTAMINES
zIneffective for:
yanaphylactic shock
yacute bronchial asthma
ycommon cold
xutilize anticholinergic properties

Front 14

ANTIHISTAMINES
zDiphenhydramine, cetirizine - 1
zBrompheniramine, chlorpheniramine 1zFexofenadine, loratidine - 2

Back 14

ANTIHISTAMINES
zDiphenhydramine, cetirizine - highly sedating
zBrompheniramine, chlorpheniramine - less sedating
zFexofenadine, loratidine - long acting, low incidence of drowsiness

Front 15

THEOPHYLLINES
zPharmacology
4

Back 15

THEOPHYLLINES
zPharmacology
yBronchodilation (smooth muscle effect)
yDiuretic effect (chemically related to caffeine)
yIncreases heart rate - at high doses
yInduces seizures - at toxic doses

Front 16

LEUKOTRIENE RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS
1

Back 16

LEUKOTRIENE RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS
zRelaxes Bronchiole Smooth Muscle

Front 17

ADRENERGICS
zBETA 2 property
2

Back 17

ADRENERGICS
zBETA 2 property
yBronchodilation
yBeware of beta 1 spill over

Front 18

CORTICOSTEROIDS
? is preferred route
yAvoid ?

Back 18

CORTICOSTEROIDS
zInhaler is preferred route
yAvoid adrenal suppression

Front 19

EXPECTORANT
4

Back 19

EXPECTORANT
zStimulates increased production of mucous
zDecreases viscosity of mucous
zFacilitates removal of mucous through ciliary action and cough
zControversial effectiveness

Front 20

MUCOLYTIC
3
1ex

Back 20

MUCOLYTIC
zAcetylcysteine
yAdministered via respiratory therapy
yBreaks up mucous in respiratory tract
yAlso utilized as an antidote to acetaminophen toxicity