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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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CS respiratory disease can present with |
Tachypnoea, dyspnoea, coughing Nasal/ocular discharge Vomiting or retching Haemoptysis Exercise intolerance/lethargy/weakness Collapse/syncope Cyanosis Obesity/abdominal enlargement/cachexia |
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Diseases associated with toy breeds |
Tracheal collapse Hypoplastic trachea Laryngeal collapse Extended soft palate |
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Diseases associated with terriers |
Chronic bronchitis Chronic pulmonary interstitial disease |
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Diseases associated with middle to old age dogs |
Chronic bronchitis Laryngeal paralysis Pulmonary neoplasia (and larger breeds) |
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General physical examination for respiratory diseases |
General body condition - obesity/underweight Ocular and oral mucosa - colour Check for nasal/ocular discharge and patency of external nares Palpate larynx and extrathoracic trachea - tracheal collapse may be palpable Lymphadenopathy and any other masses palpable in thorax Feel abdomen for masses and hepatomegaly Check body temperature, hydration status and general demeanour Breathing pattern - rate and effort |
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Percussion and coupage can be used for |
Listening to chest resonance, checking for asymmetrical lesions/masses, air-fluid-soft tissue lines (pneumothorax/pleural effusion) |
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Normal vs diseased |
Slow decrease of resonance from dorsal to ventral If sudden this indicates disease/abnormalitiy |
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Coupage and coughing |
If coughing is initiated upon coupage of one side of chest, this is highly suspicious of pathology on that side Also diagnostically useful for diseases such as penumonia |
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Auscultation
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Within many respiratory diseases, auscultation sounds are within normal ranges If abnormal then conclusions can be made but usually additional diagnostic tests required |
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Normal sound classification terms |
Breathe Bronchovesicular |
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Crackles |
Inspiratory - noise is airway opening again after shutting during expiration Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, chronic bronchitis, pulmonary oedema Coarse or fine |
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Wheezes |
High pitched noise - can be inspiratory or expiratory - due to narrowing of bronchial lumen - intermittent and can vary in location e.g. feline asthma, less common in dogs |
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Rhonchi |
Low pitched sounds associated with high velocity airflow through larger airways - associated with necessity for high effort breathing e.g. pneumonia, pulmonary oedema |
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Stridor and stertor |
Rhonchus sounds produced in larynx and nasal passage respectively Stridor - laryngeal paralysis best example |
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Coughing, dyspnoea and exercise intolerance can be signs of respiratory or cardiac disease. How to differentiate: |
Sinus arrhythmias - highly suggestive that it is not due to cardiac disease Normal peripheral indicators of cardiac function - respiratory Thoracic radiographs Cardiac biomarkers |
