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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Todial volume |
The volume of air inhaled with each breath The ability of the lung and chest wall to expand 500 mL or 5–10 mL/kg |
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Vital Capacity |
The maximum volume of air exhaled from the point of maximum inspiration the greatest volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs after taking the deepest possible breath. VC = TV + IRV + ERV =4600 mL |
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V/Q ratio |
In the healthy lung, a given amount of blood passes an alveolus and is matched with an equal amount of gas. The ratio is 1:1 (ventilation matches perfusion). |
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Dyspnea |
SOB |
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Orthopnea |
SOB when laying flat |
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Crackles |
Cracking, popping sounds, songs high pitch during inhalation |
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RhonChi |
Low pitch wheezing |
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Wheezing |
High pitch whistling sound |
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Stridor |
High pitch whistling gasping sound able to hear it without stethoscope |
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Hemoptysis |
Coughing up blood and mucus |
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Cyanosis |
turning Blue, late sign of hypoxia |
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Clubbing |
Lung cancer pt COPD and hypoxic Increase vascular connective tissue under nails |
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Eupnea |
Normal breathing |
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Bradypnea |
Slow breathing |
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Tachypnea |
Fast breathing |
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Hypoventilation |
Shallow slow irregular breathing |
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Hyperpnea |
Deep rapid breathing |
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Hyperventilation |
Rapid shallow breathing |
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Apnea |
Periods of pause on breathing |
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Cheyne- stroke |
Rapid, pauses irregular (about to die) |
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Obstructive |
Not getting in enough o2 or co2 out |
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Oxygen toxicity |
Does not happen fast 24 hrs Occurs when a high concentration of o2 is given for a long period of time Sever damage to alvioli and if untreated pulmonary edema and dead can happen I |
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Hypercapnia |
Too much pco2 |
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S/s of hypercapnea |
HA Conjunctiva hyperemia Flushed skin Mental status change Tachycardia Diaphoresis Increased BP |
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Capnography |
It measures exhaled co2 35- 45 mmhg |
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Nassal cannula |
1-6 l |
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Sample mask |
5-8 l |
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PRB |
8-12 l |
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NBR |
10-15 l |
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Ventury mask |
4-15 l |
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Tracheostomy mask |
Up to 10 l |
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Bag valve mask |
Allow to recoil Too much air can expand/ collapse the lungs Air in belly |
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Endotracheal intubation |
Oral route prefer decrease infection For comatose or pt that can’t keep airway open 12-14 day use is preferable to avoid laryngeal swelling, hypoxemia, bradycardia and inf |
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Complications of tracheotomy |
Dislodged, bleeding posterior tracheal perforation LT infection, rupture, dysphagia |
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What is PE ? |
Obstruction of the pulmonary artery or one of its branches by a thrombus or thrombi that originated somewhere else in the venous system or r side of heart |
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What causes PE? |
Trauma, surgery (ortho, abd,pelvic, gyn) pregnancy, HF, hypercoagulation, immobility |
