Respiratory 2

Front 1

1. If a small blockage occurs within a respiratory bronchiole affecting the local alveoli, the local arterioles will:
a. Clear the blockage
b. Constrict to limit blood flow to the area
c. Dilate to increase blood flow to the area
d. Increase their oxygen carrying capacity
e. Increase the number of red blood cells

Back 1

b. Constrict to limit blood flow to the area

Front 2

2. Regarding the ventilation and perfusion of the lung
a. Ventilation and perfusion are greatest at the apex
b. Ventilation and perfusion are greatest at the base
c. Ventilation is greatest and perfusion is lowest at the apex
d. Ventilation is greatest at the apex and perfusion is greatest at the base
e. Ventilation is greatest at the base and perfusion is greatest at the apex

Back 2

b. Ventilation and perfusion are greatest at the base

Front 3

3. Which group of respiratory diseases results in abnormally high resistance to airflow
a. Capacitive
b. Compliant
c. Obstructive
d. Resistive
e. Restrictive

Back 3

c. Obstructive

Front 4

4. A high V/Q ratio of the lungs would suggests that the lungs have
a. High perfusion
b. High pulmonary blood flow
c. Poor perfusion
d. Poor ventilation

Back 4

c. Poor perfusion

Front 5

5. During exercise increases in pulmonary arterial pressure help to
a. distend the capillary walls
b. increase oxygen uptake
c. recruit extra capillary beds
d. reduce pulmonary resistance
e. all of the above

Back 5

e. all of the above

Front 6

6. Regarding the innervations of the respiratory system via the vagus nerve which of the following statements is false?
a. Release of Ach causes a decrease in airway resistance
b. Release of Ach causes an increase in bronchiole smooth muscle tone
c. Release of Ach causes bronchoconstriction of the bronchioles
d. Release of Ach causes increased mucous production
e. Release of Ach causes vasodilation of the respiratory arterioles

Back 6

a. Release of Ach causes a decrease in airway resistance

Front 7

7. A solution which is very acidic
a. Can act as a buffer
b. Easily accepts H+ ions
c. Has a high pH
d. Has a low concentration of H+ ions
e. Has a low pH

Back 7

e. Has a low pH

Front 8

1. If the blood becomes too acidic the respiratory system will compensate by
a. Constricting local bronchioles
b. Decreasing the respiratory rate
c. Decreasing the tidal volume
d. Increasing the CO2 content of the blood
e. Increasing the respiratory rate

Back 8

e. Increasing the respiratory rate

Front 9

9. Asthma is considered to be
a. A chronic inflammatory disorder resulting in hyper responsive airways
b. A disorder affecting mainly the upper respiratory tract
c. Caused by damage to the pulmonary capillaries
d. Caused by infiltration of small carcinoma into respiratory bronchioles
e. Primarily a restrictive disorder

Back 9

a. A chronic inflammatory disorder resulting in hyper responsive airways

Front 10

10. Innervation of the parasympathetic system in the lungs will cause
a. Bronchial artery vasoconstriction and increased mucus production
b. Bronchoconstriction and decreased mucus production
c. Bronchoconstriction and increased mucus production
d. Bronchodilation and bronchial artery vasoconstriction
e. Bronchodilation and decreased mucus production

Back 10

c. Bronchoconstriction and increased mucus production

Front 11

11. Decreasing the alveolar ventilation rate will
a. Decrease the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli
b. Have little affect on the partial pressure or diffusion of gases
c. Increase the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli
d. Increase the rate of carbon dioxide diffusion from blood to the alveoli
e. Increase the rate of oxygen diffusion from alveoli to the blood

Back 11

c. Increase the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli

Front 12

12. Which of the following is greater
a. The partial pressure of oxygen in exhaled air
b. The partial pressure of oxygen in inhaled air
c. The partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli
d. The partial pressure of oxygen in the pulmonary arteries
e. The partial pressure of oxygen in the pulmonary veins

Back 12

b. The partial pressure of oxygen in inhaled air

Front 13

13. You are in a high altitude simulation chamber and notice that your percent saturation of haemoglobin has dropped to 90%. The alveolar PO2 is likely to be around
a. 159 mmHg
b. 100 mmHg
c. 90 mmHg
d. 60 mmHg
e. 40 mmHg

Back 13

d. 60 mmHg

Front 14

14. To alleviate an acute asthmatic reaction you may take an inhaled medication like salbutamol. The main effect of this would be to act directly on the
a. Alpha adrenergic receptors of bronchial arteries
b. Alpha adrenergic receptors of the bronchiole smooth muscle
c. Beta adrenergic receptors of bronchiole smooth muscle
d. Muscarinic receptors of bronchiole smooth muscle
e. Nicotinic receptors of the bronchiole smooth muscle

Back 14

c. Beta adrenergic receptors of bronchiole smooth muscle

Front 15

15. If the local alveolar PO2 is high and PCO2 is low this will cause
a. Local bronchoconstriction and increased surfactant levels
b. Local bronchoconstriction and reduction in surfactant levels
c. Local bronchodilation and increased surfactant levels
d. Local bronchodilation and reduction in surfactant levels
e. Vasoconstriction of the local arterioles

Back 15

b. Local bronchoconstriction and reduction in surfactant levels