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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ethical issues |
- informed consent - deception - confidentiality - privacy - withdrawal - debriefing - protection from harm |
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Extraneous variables |
Anything other than the tested variables that may influence the results |
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Pilot study |
A small scale trial done before a full study. Identifies problems |
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Hypotheses |
Bold, precise and testable statements |
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Quantitative data |
Objective, numerical data |
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Qualitative data |
Subjective, high level of detail data |
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Random sampling |
Every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected |
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Systematic sampling |
Mathematical, selects participants at regular intervals |
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Stratified sampling |
Sub groups of the population are identified |
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Opportunity sampling |
Sample includes whoever is available at that time and willing to take part |
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Volunteer sampling |
Sample includes people who freely choose to take part |
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Mean |
Total of all scored divided by number of scores |
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Median |
Middle score when all are listed in rank order |
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Mode |
The most frequent score |
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Standard deviation |
Average difference of scores from the mean |
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Range |
Differences between highest and lowest score |
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Lab experiment |
Environment controlled by the researcher, artificial |
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Field experiment |
In the participants own natural environment, familiar |
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Natural experiment |
Natural setting |
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Quasi experiment |
Tests of different IVs that cannot be manipulated by the researcher |
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Self report Interview |
Researcher asks questions and records replies themselves |
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Self report questionnaire |
Participant given a list of questions and records |
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Observation |
Spontaneous behaviour is watched and recorded |
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Correlation |
Two numerical variables are compared to establish a link |
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Case study |
In depth study of an individual or small group who are often unusual |
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Content analysis |
Observation or communication in secondary sources |
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Repeated measures |
Some participants in each condition of the IV |
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Independent measures |
Different participants in each condition of the IV |
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Matched pairs |
Different but similar participants in each condition |
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Structured interviews |
Contains fixed predetermined questions |
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Unstructured interviews |
Has a set topic area for discussion but no fixed questions or ways of replying |
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Open questions |
No fixed answers |
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Closed questions |
Fixed optional ansers |
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Controlled observations |
Records spontaneous behaviour in controlled environment contrived and managed by researchers |
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Naturalistic observations |
Records spontaneous behaviour in subjects familiar environment |
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Covert observation |
Participants do not know their behaviour is being recorded |
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Overt observation |
Participants know their behaviour is being recorded |
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Event sampling |
Records all occurrences of the behavioural category |
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Time sampling |
Sets standard time periods |
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Participant observation |
Observer becomes involved in everyday life of the subjects |
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Non participant observation |
Observer is not directly involved in what is being observed |
