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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Internal validity
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Whether the study has tested what it set out to test; the degree to which the observed effect was due to the experimental manipulation rather than other factors such as extraneous variables
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External validity
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The degree to which a research finding can be generalised to other settings (ecological validity), to other groups of people (population validity) and over time (historical validity)
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Control
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Refers to the extent to which any variable is held constant or regulated by a researcher
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Mundane relaism
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Refers to how a study mirrors the real world
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Confidentiality
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A participant's right to have personal information protected
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Confidentiality
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A participant's right to have personal information protected
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Deception |
Where a participant isn't told the true aims of a study and this can't give truly informed consent |
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Confidentiality
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A participant's right to have personal information protected
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Deveption
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Where a participant isn't told the true aims of a study and this can't give truly informed consent
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Privacy
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A person's right to control the flow of information about themselves
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Confidentiality
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A participant's right to have personal information protected
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Deveption
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Where a participant isn't told the true aims of a study and this can't give truly informed consent
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Privacy
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A person's right to control the flow of information about themselves
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Protection from harm
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During a research study, participants should not experience negative physical or psychological effects, such as physical injury, lowered self-esteem or embarrassment
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Confidentiality
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A participant's right to have personal information protected
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Deveption
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Where a participant isn't told the true aims of a study and this can't give truly informed consent
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Privacy
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A person's right to control the flow of information about themselves
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Protection from harm
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During a research study, participants should not experience negative physical or psychological effects, such as physical injury, lowered self-esteem or embarrassment
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Right to withdrawal
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Participants should have the right to withdraw from participating in a study if they are uncomfortable in any way, they should also have the right to refuse permission for data to be used
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Ethics committee
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A group of people within a research institution that must approve a study before it begins
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Ethics committee
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A group of people within a research institution that must approve a study before it begins
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Presumptive consent
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A method of dealing with lack of informed consent or deception, by asking a group of people who are similar to the participants whether they would agree to take part in a stud
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Directional hypothesis
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States the direction of the prediction difference between two conditions or two groups of participants
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Directional hypothesis
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States the direction of the prediction difference between two conditions or two groups of participants
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Non-directional hypothesis
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Predicts simply they there will be a difference between two conditions or two groups of participants without stating the direction of the difference
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Pilot study
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A small scale trial run of a study to test any aspects of the deign, with a view to making improvements
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Confederate
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An individual in a study who is not a real participant and has been instructed how to behave by the experimenter or investigator
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Field experiment |
A controlled experiment conducted outside a laboratory, the IV is still manipulated by the experimenter |
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Field experiment |
A controlled experiment conducted outside a laboratory, the IV is still manipulated by the experimenter |
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Laboratory experiment |
An experiment carried out in a controlled setting |
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Natural experiment |
A research method in which the experimenter can't manipulate the IV directly, but where it varies naturally and the effect can be observed an a DV |
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Random sample |
A sample of participants produced by using a random technique such that every member of the target population being tested has an equal chance if being selected |
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Closed questions |
Questions that have a range of answers from which respondents select one, produces quantitative data |
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Closed questions |
Questions that have a range of answers from which respondents select one, produces quantitative data |
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Open questions |
Questions that invite the respondents to provide their own answers rather than select one that is provided, produces qualitative data |
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Closed questions |
Questions that have a range of answers from which respondents select one, produces quantitative data |
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Open questions |
Questions that invite the respondents to provide their own answers rather than select one that is provided, produces qualitative data |
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Interview |
A research method or technique that involves a face-to-face interaction with another individual and results in the collection of data |
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Closed questions |
Questions that have a range of answers from which respondents select one, produces quantitative data |
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Open questions |
Questions that invite the respondents to provide their own answers rather than select one that is provided, produces qualitative data |
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Interview |
A research method or technique that involves a face-to-face interaction with another individual and results in the collection of data |
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Questionnaire |
Data is collected through the use of written questions |
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Closed questions |
Questions that have a range of answers from which respondents select one, produces quantitative data |
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Open questions |
Questions that invite the respondents to provide their own answers rather than select one that is provided, produces qualitative data |
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Interview |
A research method or technique that involves a face-to-face interaction with another individual and results in the collection of data |
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Questionnaire |
Data is collected through the use of written questions |
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Structured interview |
Any interview in which the questions are decided in advance |
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Closed questions |
Questions that have a range of answers from which respondents select one, produces quantitative data |
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Open questions |
Questions that invite the respondents to provide their own answers rather than select one that is provided, produces qualitative data |
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Interview |
A research method or technique that involves a face-to-face interaction with another individual and results in the collection of data |
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Questionnaire |
Data is collected through the use of written questions |
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Structured interview |
Any interview in which the questions are decided in advance |
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Unstructured interview |
The interview starts out with some general aims and possibly some questions and lets the interviewee's answers guide the subsequent questions |
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Correlation/correlation analysis |
Determining the extent of a relationship between two variables; positive correlation, negative correlation, zero correlation, linear or curvilinear |
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Case study |
Involves. A detailed study of a single individual, institution or event |
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Longitudinal study |
Observation of the same items over a long period of time, might also observe a school or other institution over a long period of time |
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Longitudinal study |
Observation of the same items over a long period of time, might also observe a school or other institution over a long period of time |
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Effect size |
A measure of the strength of the relationship between two variables |
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Longitudinal study |
Observation of the same items over a long period of time, might also observe a school or other institution over a long period of time |
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Effect size |
A measure of the strength of the relationship between two variables |
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Meta-analysis |
A researcher looks at the findings from a number of different studies in order to reach a general conclusion about a particular hypothesis |
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Longitudinal study |
Observation of the same items over a long period of time, might also observe a school or other institution over a long period of time |
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Effect size |
A measure of the strength of the relationship between two variables |
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Meta-analysis |
A researcher looks at the findings from a number of different studies in order to reach a general conclusion about a particular hypothesis |
