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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Provide an overview of assimilation theory and its problems
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Assimilation Theory states that when a person enters a new country, they feel pressure to become like the natives of the area so that they will be able to fit in.
The issue is that America is supposed to be a melting pot, yet people are expected to become "Americanized" in order to be accepted as citizens. Yes, language barriers can be a problem, but cultural traditions should not be a problem, especially if people want to keep a tie to their roots. |
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Define Racial Formation Theory
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Racial Formation Theory sees race as a social construction, a social structure, and a culture/ideology. Race does not exist in reality, but is formed through the idea of race and is institutionalized in reality.
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Give a Basic Overview of the Blumer
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A Blumer is a person who buys into racism not because of an irrational hatred, but because of their group position. Whites are the majority, and Blumers to not want minorities to have the same opportunities as the majority. It is based on a fear that the minorities will encroach on "their" space.
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Explain Affirmative Action
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It's basically legislation and rules within corporations and universities that allow minorities a greater chance at entry. It does NOT mandate that under-qualified minorities be chosen for a job or for a position at a university over a more qualified person of the majority.
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Talk about the Universtiy of Michigan admissions points system
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1) Be a minority
2) Be from Michigan 3) Points for legacy 4) Points fro working-class white people 5) Points for living in the upper peninsula There are points awarded that have nothing to do with race - it's literally just a process. |
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Explain how the prison population has grown since 1980
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The prison population continues to increase even though crime rates have been deceasing for the past two or three decades. We currently have more people in prisons than we do in the military.
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Compare the US incarceration rate to that of other nations
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The United States sends more people to jail than any other nation. Including Russia.
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Rates of drug use and sales across racial lines
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Whites and blacks use and sell drugs at the same rate. Hmmmm.
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Why does Michelle Alexander use the term "The New Jim Crow"?
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Because:
1) The Criminal Justice System is being used as a racial caste system. There are more minorities in jails than whites. When compared with the Old Jim Crow, there has been little to no improvement for minorities. |
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Explain how slavery, Jim Crow, and the period of mass incarceration work as a racial caste system
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All three constrain minorities and prevent them from attaining the same goals as the majority - white people.
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Describe how mass incarceration led to a language of racial coding
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Being tough on crime became a way of being tough on minorities.
The language evolved so that it became bad to say the "n-word," but that it was okay to talk about "crime" and "juvenile delinquency" when really meaning minorities. |
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Discuss the two key policies that helped to create mass incarceration in the 1980s and 1990s
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1980s - War on Drugs
1990s - Three Strike Rule |
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Explain how “the rules of the game” (police discretion, high volume sweeps, pretext stops) create the conditions for mass incarceration.
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Police are allowed to use their own discretion (and therefore "suspicion") in order to stop people (of color) in an attempt to find something illegal.
High volume sweeps are done in order to find anything that could be illegal. They go through a lot of minorities before they actually find something that is illegal. |
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Note why police agencies bought into the War on Drugs
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The more drugs a police agency finds, the more funding it is given. Additionally, any cash assets that the officers find during a drug bust are theirs to keep.
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Discuss why an officially race-neutral criminal justice system arrests so many people of color
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Police are allowed to stop anyone for any reason, and are more likely to stop minorities
It's virtually impossible to prove racial bias or discrimination in courts Segregation - communities are clustered into different racial spaces, and police are more likely to look where there are more minorities |
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Explain post-incarceration and how it impacts ex-cons
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1) There are few programs that allow fro reintegration
2) Ex-cons can be legally discriminated against concerning housing and employment 3) Some times they have to pay for their incarceration 4) Have to pay a fine in order to receive a driver's license 5) Are not allowed to vote 6) Cannot receive welfare benefits |
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Address how Alexander explains the "dysfunctional black family" issue
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The New Jim Crow locks up high numbers of young, low-skill African American males, leaving mothers without support. There are a lot of single-parent households.
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What are the three phases of the New Jim Crow?
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Phase 1: Round up [people of color] via discriminatory police stops
Phase 2: Period of Formal Control - those arrested are denied meaningful representation, prosecutors load up charges, and there are harsh sentencing laws Phase 3: Post-Incarceration (People are denied basic rights and are legally discriminated against - reintegration is nearly impossible and people are therefore trapped in basically a second-class citizenship. |
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How can we create a social movement against mass incarceration?
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We have to stop talking about mass incarceration as a method of "getting criminals off the streets" and START talking about what it is: a racial caste system.
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What are the four aspects to colorblind racism?
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1) Abstract Liberalism
2) Naturalization 3) Cultural Racism 4) Minimization of Racism |
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Five Aspects to Overview of Discursive Analysis
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1) White avoidance of racial language
2) Semantic Moves 3) Projection 4) Diminutives 5) Incoherence |
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Four Stories that Accompany Colorblind Racism
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1) "I din't own any slaves"
2) "If Jews, Italians, etc. have made, why can't they?" 3) "The past is past" 4) "I didn't get a job (or I was denied a spot at a university) because of a minority" |
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Define White Habitus. How are they formed?
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White Habitus - An environment that helps to facilitate a white point of view.
They form because white people tend to live in segregated areas, which support the colorblind ideology. |
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Who is most likely to be a "racial progressive", and why is this demographic most likely to be progressive regarding race?
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White working class women; they are more likely to live in mixed neighborhoods, more likely to have minority friends, are generally politically liberal or radical, have dated across the color line, and can relate because they are women (who are also discriminated against).
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How do blacks talk about race?
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They believe that whites are privileged, and they are able to see the discrimination in the world - they live it. They also support affirmative action. They want a chance.
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How will race work in the United States in the 21st Century?
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Race will exist along a continuum. White privilege will still exist, but there will be "honorary whites" as well as collective blacks.
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How does Bonilla-Silva explain the election of President Obama through colorblind racism?
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Obama does not come from the Civil Rights movement - he reminds people that he is half white, and he perpetuates colorblindness
Buys into the culture-of-poverty argument and sees racism as more of a moral issue than an institutional one |
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How does Bonilla-Silva suggest we change the system of colorblindness?
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1) Blacks and their allies need to become the foundation of a new social movement that demands equality of results
2) Nurture anti-racist whites to challenge colorblind racism in order to destabilize whiteness 3) Challenge each frame of colorblind racism 4) Challenge whiteness wherever it exists 5) There must be a militant struggle |
