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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Regulation of testosterone
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1. LH stims testosterone release from leydig cells
2. Leydig cells release Test to blood and Directly to Sertoli 3. ***sertoli can only get test from leydig*** 4. FSH stims sperm production from sertoli cells 5. Sertoli cells make ABP and inhibin to regulate 6. Inhibin (-) feed back on ant. pit to stop. |
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What stage of miosis are little girls in before puberty
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Meiosis I is arrested in PROPHASE
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What stage of miosis are women in once they ovulate
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Meiosis II
Arrested in **METAPHASE** until fertilization (and egg MET a sperm) |
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What is Klinefelters syndrome
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Male XXY
testicular atrophy Presence of a Barr body **abnormal leydig function leads to decrease testosterone which increases LH which increased estrogen |
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What is Turners syndrome
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XO
Short stature Shield chest **bicuspid aortic valve** ***most common cause of primary amenorrhea*** |
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What is the diagnosis with
Increased testosterone increased LH |
Defective androgen receptor
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What is androgen insensitivity syndrome (46XY)
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Defect in androgen receptor.
**normal appearing female with short vagina (uterus and tubes are absent)** Presents with no sexual hair, and testes in inguinal canal ** increased testosterone, estrogen and LH** |
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WHat is 5-alpha-reductase deficiency
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Inability of males to convert testosterone to DHT
**penis at 12** ambiguous genitals until puberty until testosterone increases and causes masculinization of external genitalia |
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a complete mole
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is completely empty
only to YY's |
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A partial mole
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Has partial fetal parts
it is a triploidy ^=69XXY |
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What does Hellp stand for
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Hemolysis
Elevated LFT's Low Platelets Seen in bad eclampsia |
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Placenta Accreta
Placenta Inccreta Placenta percreta |
placenta attach to myometrium
Placenta invades myometrium Placenta goes through myometrium |
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What STD has multinucleated giant cells with nuclear homogenzination and intranuclear eosinophilic inclusion bodies surrounded by a clear halo
What is the treatment of choice |
Herpes simplex virus
**acyclovir** |
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What drugs are used to treat cryptococcus neoformans
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Amphotericin B and flucytosine
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What is most used to treat a candida infection
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Fluconazole
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What is the most common cause of acute prostatitus
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E.choli
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What proteins do HPV 16 and 18 produce and what do they do?
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E6 and E7
These innactivate P53 and Rb tumor suppressor genes |
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HPV 6 and 11 are associated with what?
and HPV 16 and 18 are associated with what |
6 and 11 = genital warts
16 and 18 = cervical cancer |
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What is a pleomorphic rod shaped Gram - rod that exhibits a "school of fish" pattern and causes painful chancre on genitals
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Haemophilus Ducreyi
Tx with Azithromyciin |
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What is the most important pathogenic feature of N. Gonorrhoea
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Pili
Cause adherence, anti-phagocytic and undergoes antigenic variation |
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Testosterone that is traveling in the plasma is traveling how?
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Bound to sex steroid binding globulin
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Toxoplasma gondii causes what in a fetus
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<3 months necrotizing encephalitis
> 3 months retinochoroiditis |
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What is the most important thing involved in clearing a pelvic inflammatory disease STD
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TH1 type cells.
These produce the cytokines that activate and clone all the effector cells in the cell-mediated immunity |
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What is invasive ductal carcinoma
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developes from epithelial cells of the terminal ducts.
**small glandular ductlike cells lined by anaplastic epithelial cells** |
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What is associated with Pagets of the breast
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Adenocarcinoma under the nipple
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What is the most common inutero infection in the united states with these symptoms
**jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, thrombocytic purpura** |
CMV
part of the HERPESVIRIDAE family |
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What is the treatment of choice of Chlamydia
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Azithromycin or doxycycline
***Binds to the 50s subunit*** |
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What is the MOA of penicillin
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inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis through the blockade of transpeptidation enzymes
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What is the mechinism by which chlymidia causes pathogenesis
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Elicting a cytotoxic T-cell reaction
Same with N. Gonorrhea |
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What is the cause of a hydrocele on the spermatic cord?
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incomplete fusion of the processus vaginalis
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What is the anatomical landmark for a pudendal block before performing an epesiotomy
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The ischial spine
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What organism causes neonatal infection that results in Flat nose, Bowed tibia bones, and deafness
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Syphilis
Treat with Pen G |
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What is Gancyclovir used to treat
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CMV
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What do you treat toxoplasmosis with
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Sulfadiazine
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What is the main cause of premature menopause
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reduced levels of inhibin
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What is commonly elevated in seminomas
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placental alkaline phosphatase
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What kind of cancer is found with embyronal carcinoma
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Adenocarcinoma
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A solid mature teratoma is what
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Benign
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Where are dermoid cysts usually found
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in the ovaries
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Men with high levels of prolactin will have what problem?
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Low sperm count and decreased libido
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Where do testicular arteries originate from
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Directly from the Aorta
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What stains can be used for chlamydia
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Giemsa, Iodine, fluorescent
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Where is Varicella Zoster latent
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Dorsal root ganglia
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Where is CMV latent at
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Mononuclear cells
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Where does Epstein barr like to hang out
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B-Cells
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The condition called "lumpy Jaw" is caused by what
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Actinomyces isrealii
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Imflammatory breast cancer is caused by
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Dermal lymphatic invasion by cancer cells.
if lymphatics get blocked, causes orange peal and also causes swollen, red and tender skin |
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a in utero infection that causes granulomatosis infanticum is what
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Listeria moncytogenes
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Indirect inguinal hernias pass where
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lateral to the inferior epigastric arteries
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Direct inguinal hernias pass where
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Medial to the inferior epigastric artery
and above the inguinal ligiment |
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Exemestane MOA
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It is a Aromatase inhibitor
used for estrogen dependent breast cancer |
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A woman who's level of estriol decreases during her pregnancy means what.
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Fetal death. The level of maternal estriol is directly related to fetal well being
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