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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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As in the male, pulsatile GnRH stimulates the ant pituitary to secrete....
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FSH/LH
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In the female, FSH and LH stimulate...
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Steroidgenesis/Follicular development
Ovulation/Luteinization |
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Estrogen causes maturation and maintenance of the....
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fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix and vagina
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List 4 actions of progesterone.
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negative feedback on FSH/LH
maintains secretory activity of the uterus maintains pregnancy development of breasts |
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What are the 3 phases of the menstrual cycle?
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Follicular phase
Ovulation Luteal phase |
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When is the follicular phase activated?
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the first 14 days of the cycle
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what substance causes proliferation of the uterus in the follicular phase?
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Estradiol
FSH/LH levels are suppressed progesterone levels are low |
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Ovulation occurs on what day
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It occurs on app day 15 of the menstrual cycle
it occurs 14 days before menses |
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Ovulation occurs as a result of the.....
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estrogen induced LH surge
estrogen levels decrease just after ovulation |
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The luteal phase occurs in what part of the menstrual cycle?
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days 15-28
Corpus luteum begins to develop and it synthesizes estrogen and progesterone |
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In the luteal phase what changes undergo at the endometrium?
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vascularity and secretory activity on the endometrium for receipt of a fertilized egg
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In the luteal phase, what happens if fertilization does not take place?
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The corpus luteum regresses. As a result, estradiol and progesterone levels decrease abruptly.
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What is menses?
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Occurs at days 1-4. the endometrium is sloughed because of withdrawal of estradiol and progesterone
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What occurs if fertilization takes place?
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the corpus luteum is rescued from regression by human chorionic gonadotropin, which is produced by the placenta
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In the first trimester, when do HCG levels peak?
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they peak at gestational week 9
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Where is progesterone produced in the 2nd and 3rd trimester.
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produced in the placenta
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In the 2nd and 3rd trimester, how is estrogen produced?
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estrogens are produced by the interplay of the fetal adrenal gland and the placenta
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How is estrogen produced from the fetal adrenal gland?
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It synthesizes dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate(DHEA-S), which is then hydroxlated in the fetal liver. These intermediates are transferred to the placenta, where enzymes remove sulfate and aromatize to estrogens
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What is the major placental estrogen?
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Estriol
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What is human placental lactogen?
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It is produced throughout pregnancy. Its actions are similar to those of growth hormone and prolactin
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What happens to prolactin levels during lactation?
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prolactin levels increase steadily because estrogen stimulates prolactin secretion.
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Why does lactation not occur during pregnancy?
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because estrogen and progesterone block the action of prolactin on the breast.
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Why is ovulation suppressed during lactation?
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it is suppressed as long as lactation is in progress.
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During lactation, prolactin has what effects?
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Inhibits hypothalmic GnRH secretion
Inhibits the action of GnRH, and inhibits LH/FSH secretion Antagonizes the actions of LH and FSH on the ovaries. |
