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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Estrous cycles begin at _____ and end at _____
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Begin at estrus, end at next estrus
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2 primary behaviors during estrus
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Sexual receptivity and copulation
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3 types of estrous cycles?
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1) Polyestrus (cattle, swine)
2) Seasonally polestrus (sheep, mares, goats) 3) Monoestrus (dogs, wolves, foxes, bears) |
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2 major phases of estrous cycle?
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Follicular, luteal
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Primary hormone secreted during follicular phase? Primary structure?
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Estradiol; large antral follicles
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Primary hormone secreted during luteal phase? Primary structure?
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Progesterone; corpus luteum
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Estrous cycle can be divided into 4 "stages", name them
Which are part of follicular phase, which are luteal? |
Proestrus + estrus = Follicular
Metestrus + Diestrus = Luteal |
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Proestrus begins when _______ declines due to _____
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Progesterone; luteolysis
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FH and LSH levels during proestrus are generally _____
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Low
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The female allows for copulation during what stage?
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Estrus
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What is lordosis?
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Standing heat; excessive inward curvature of the spine
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Metestrus is the transition from _______ dominance to ______ dominance
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Estradiol; progesterone
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Metestrus occurs between ______ and formation of the ____
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ovulation; CL
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Define luteinization
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When the ovulated follicle turns into the corpus luteum
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During diestrus, there is what type of luteal function?
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Maximum luteal function
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Diestrus is the longest or shortest part of cycle? What hormone level is high?
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Longest; progesterone
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Diestrus prompts the body to do what?
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Prepare suitable environment for embryo development
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Estrous cycle for the *****?
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Anestrus, proestrus, estrus, diestrus
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The long delay between ovulation and fertilization in dogs is called what?
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Superfecundation
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Estrous cycle for the queen?
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Proestrus, estrus, postestrus, diestrus, anestrus
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When does postestrus occur? If it occurs, what parts of the queen's cycle do NOT occur?
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If copulation/ovulation do not take place; no diestrus or metestrus
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Anestrus occurs when there is insufficient _______ released from hypothalamus
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GnRH
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Hypothalamus hormones cause release of hormones from the ________
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anterior pituitary
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Primary releasing hormone for reproduction is _______
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GnRH
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The hormones released from the pituitary are (4)
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FSH, LH, prolactin, oxytocin
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Primary uterine hormone is ?
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Prostaglandin
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LH causes what two things
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Ovulation + progesterone release
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Major luteolytic hormone is ?
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PGF2a
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Following mensus, GnRH surge triggers ?
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FSH + LH
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Lack of cycling in women is called
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Amenorrhea
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In a simple neural reflex, ________ neurons synapse directly with ________
An example is _____ |
afferent; interneurons in spinal cord
Ejaculation |
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In a neuroendocrine reflex, ______ neurons synapse with _______
Example? |
efferent; other neurons in hypothalamus
Suckling reflex |
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Posterior pituitary does not have a _______ system. Neurohormones are deposited how/where?
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portal system; directly into capillaries in posterior lobe
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Successful testis function requires (4 things)
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1) Pulsatile GnRH secretion
2) High concentrations of testosterone in tubules 3) High systemic blood testosterone concentartion 4) Adequate LH receptors in Leydig cells |
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Sertoli cell function is ______ dependent
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FSH
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Leydig = follicular ____ cells
Sertoli = folliculat ____ cells |
Theca;
Granulosa |
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Hormone action requires what on target cells?
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Specific receptors
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Protein hormones bind to ?
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Plasma membrane receptors
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