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31 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
MRI
`Signal intensity.

Fluid is white, solid structures are dark.
CT
attenuation or density.

Bone is high, fluid intermediate, far is lowest
US
echo-texture.

Fluid is dark and hypoechoic
Gas is brught and hyperechoic AKA echogenic.
Uterus in which position in most women?
anteverted
Modality of choice to image female pelvic organs
US - no radiation and cheap.
Transvaginal US vs. transabdominal
Transvaginal - better resolution bc probe is close to target organ.

Transabdominal - In pregnant and non-sexually active pts. Scans THROUGH a full bladder.
When is endometrium thin and thick?
Thinnest after menses, increases under estrogen, and thickest under progesterone.
If pt has glandular uterus after menstrual bleed
that is abnormal
What is the hypoechoic portion of the trilaminar endometrium
Fluid within the secretory glands.
Sonohysterogram
insert saline fluid into endometrial cavity to better outline endometrial walls and visualize a polyp.
Hysterosalpinogram
Insert fluor. dye into endometrial cavity and image with live radiation. Frequently done in pts with infertility.

Salpingo- - refers to fallopian tubes.
Intramural fibroid
in myometrium muscle.
Fibroid appear...
hypoechoic
Submucosal fibroid
below the endometrium. Displaces/irritates endometrial lining and most commonly presents with bleeds.
Subserosal fibroid
"may stimadnexal mass (i.e. look like ovarian mass)"

grow on outside wall and grow outwardless to push on bladder
Cervical fibroid
may complicate a vaginal delivery.
Ovary appearance in PCOS
string of pearls.
Simple cyst
this is when the dominant follicle never ruptures so it increases in size and fills with fluid.

this stretches the capsule and causes pain.

Hemorrhagic cyst is when it grows into a BV. You would see reticular network (fibrin clot) and mixed epigenic fluid ("complex cyst")
How to distinguish btwn cyst and ovarian CA
doppler.
you would see blood flow in CA, and blood clot in cyst.
Dermoid
most common solid tumor and it is a benign solid lesion in the ovary.

presents with pain and similar density as fat.
Torsion
A large cyst or dermoid (rarely a rumor) that twists around one of its ligaments.

BVs run in ligaments so as twisting occurs, vein is compressed and venous return is lost from ovary.

So if you see a large engorged ovary and pelvic pain, dx is torsion.
Hydrosalpinx
Distally blocked fallopian tube filled with serous or clear fluid.

This dilates the fallopian tube.
Order of things seen in pregnancy
Gestational sac (note - will see pseudosac in ectopic preg)

Decidual tissue

yolk sac - if you see this, pregnancy is intrauterine.

Amniotic sac

Embryo

Heartbeat - must be present if embryo is >5mm
If preg test is positive but intrauterine preg is not seen
ectopic until proven otherwise.
Nuchaltranslucency
An US at 11-14 weeks gestation where there is extra fluid behind neck in babies with chrom abnormalities (e.g. Trisomy 21)
Scrotal US - painful side has low and high BF...
Low - torsion

High - infection (e.g. orchitis)
Microlithiasis
Small calcification in testes. Correlated with testicular CA.
If you see large Ca++ mass in testes
Assume an old infection, trauma, infarct or old treated CA
Hydrocele
dark fluid accum btwn testis and tunica.
varicocele
more common on left side bc of venous drainage. will have tubular struc outside testis but within scrotal sac.

Right - requires imaging of R kidney and retroperitoneum to rule out renal tumor or mass and IVC thrombus.
Prostate imaging
usually do US and MRI to dx CA.