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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Total body water (%) of avg 70kg male |
60% |
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What proportion of total body water is intracellular? |
40% |
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What proportion of total body water is extracellular? |
20% (15% interstitial and 4% plasma) |
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What are the major ions of the extracellular compartment? |
sodium, chloride, bicarb |
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What are the major ions of the intracellular compartment? |
potassium, proteins (anions), phosphates |
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Does the interstitial or plasma fluid contain more proteins? |
plasma |
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What is the electrolyte composition in the plasma? |
Na, Cl, HCO3, albumin |
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Despite composition difference, the ECF and ICF are: |
iso-osmotic and contain the same conc of water |
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balance concept |
output=input |
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normal plasma osmolality |
285 mOsm/kg H2O |
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In a longitudinal section of the kidney, the outer zone |
cortex |
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what area of kidney contains all glomeruli? |
cortex |
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In a longitudinal section of the kidney, what is the inner zone? |
medulla |
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functional unit of the kidney |
nephron |
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What are the vascular and tubular components of the nephron, respectively? |
glomerulus, (proximal tubule, loop of Henle, distal tubule, collecting duct) |
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components of glomerulus |
glomerular capillary network + Bowman's capsule |
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What is significant about the macula densa? |
regulates renin |
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What are the 2 types of nephrons and what is their approximate percentages? |
cortical (85%), juxtamedullary (15%) |
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Which nephron type has shorter loops of Henle? |
cortical |
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Which nephron is most important for water conservation? |
juxtamedullary |
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Organization (order) of nephron vasculature |
Renal A (enters kidney) - smaller AA - afferent arteriole - glomerular capillary network - efferent arteriole - leaves Bowmans capsule - peritubular capillaries |
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unique vascular arrangement in nephron and it's significance |
arteriole-capillaries-arterioles-capillaries; allows kidney to perform its unique function in constant filtration |
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parallel capillary networks that loop deeply into medulla in close proximity with juxtamedullary loops of Henle |
vasa recta |
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Blood flow into the vasa recta is largely derived from what? |
efferent arterioles of juxtamedullary nephrons |
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What 3 basic processes does the kidney use to accomplish its homeostatic and excretory functions? |
ultrafiltration, tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion |
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glomerular ultrafiltration process |
process in which plasma moves across porous glomerular membrane under the influence of net filtration pressure |
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What is the first and rate-limiting (thus most important) step in urine production? |
glomerular ultrafiltration |
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What are the chemical characteristics of the glomerular filtrate? |
similar to plasma but contains virtually no protein (=plasma ultra filtrate) |
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What are the functional permeability characteristics of the glomerular membrane? |
Lg volume of water and small solutes pass through glomerular membrane at any one time, while large negatively charged molecules like protein are retained |
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What are the structural correlates for high water permeability? |
large capillary surface area for filtration, large numbers of large pores, large number of filtration slits |
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What are the structural correlates for protein impermeability? |
all 3 layers of glomerular membrane are covered with neg. charged proteins (eg albumin) |
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Summarize the glomerular membrane |
capillary endothelium (excludes cells), basement membrane (excludes plasma proteins), and Bowman's capsule epithelium (podocytes-phagocytosis). Very porous (high Kf) and highly negatively charged (protein impermeable) |
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Starling Hypothesis of Transcapillary exchange |
hydrostatic and osmotic forces affect fluid movement across a capillary |
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net glomerular filtration pressure |
=glomerular capillary pressure-pressure in bowman capsule-osmotic force due to protein in plasma |
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glomerular filtration rate |
=filtration coefficient X net filtration pressure |
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glomerular filtration rate (GFR) |
the amount of renal plasma flow that is filtered at the glomerulus at any one time (usually about 20% of RPF) |
