Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Mannitol MOA |
Osmotic diuretic
INC tubular fluid osmolarity = INC urine flow = DEC ICP/IOP |
|
|
Mannitol Clinical use
|
Drug OD, elevated ICP.IOP
|
|
|
Mannitol TOX
|
Pulmonary edema, dehydration
CONTRA in anuria, CHF |
|
|
Acetozolamide MOA
|
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
causes self-limited NaHCO3 diuresis and reduction in total body HCO3 |
|
|
Acetozolamide clinical use
|
Glaucoma
Urinary alkalinization Metabolic alkalosis Altitude sickness Pseudotumor cerebri (Idiopathic intracranial hypertension) |
|
|
Acetozolamide TOX
|
Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis
Paresthesias NH3 tox Sulfa allergy ACIDzolamide causes ACIDosis |
|
|
Furosemide MOA
|
Sulfonamide loop diuretic
Inhibit NA/K/2Cl of TALH Abolishes hypertonicity of medulla, preventing concentration of urine Stim. PGE release (vasodilatory effects on afferent arteriole) Inhibited by NSAIDs INC Ca excretion (Loops Lose Ca) |
|
|
Furosemide clinical use
|
Edematous states (CHF, cirrhoisis, nephrotic syndrome, pulmonary edema)
Hypertension Hypercalcemia |
|
|
Furosemide TOX
|
Ototoxicity
HYPOkalemia Dehydration Allergy (sulfa) Nephritis (interstital) Gout OH DANG |
|
|
Ethacrynic acid
MOA/clinical use/TOX |
Phenoxyacetic acid derivative (not sulfonamide)
Same as furosemide Can cause HYPERuricemia-->never use to treat gout |
|
|
Hydrochlorothiazide MOA
|
Thiazide diuretic
Inhibits NaCl reabsorption in early distal tubule Reduces diluting capacity of the nephron DEC Ca excretion! |
|
|
Hydrochlorothiazide clinical use
|
HYERPTENSION!!!
CHF Idiopathic hypercalciuria Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus |
|
|
Hydrochlorthiazide TOX
|
HYPOkalemic metabolic acidosis
HYPOnatremia HYPERglycemia HYPERlipidemia HYPERuricemia HYPERcalcemia Sulfa allergy |
|
|
K sparing diuretics
|
Spironolactone Eplerenone; Triamterene and Amiloride
|
|
|
K sparing MOA
|
Spironolactone and eplerenone are competetive aldosterone receptor antagonists in cortical collecting tubule
|
|
|
K sparing clinical use
|
Hyperaldosteronism, K depletion, CHF
|
|
|
K sparing TOX
|
Hyperkalemia (lead to arrythmias)
Spironolactone endocrine effects (gynecomastia and antiandrogen effects) |
|
|
ACE inhibitors
|
Captopril, enalapril, lisinopril
|
|
|
ACEi MOA
|
inhibit ACE--> DEC Angiotensin II--> DEC GFR by preventing constriction of efferent arterioles
Levels of renin INC as a result of loss of feedback inhibition Prevents inactivation of bradykinin (vasodilator) |
|
|
ACEi clinical use
|
Hypertension
CHF Prevent unfavorable heart remodeling as a result of chronic hypertension |
|
|
ACEi TOX
|
Cough (due to elevated bradykinin--NOT in ARBs)
Angioedema Teratogen Creatine INC (DEC GFR) HYPERkalemia HYPOtension Avoid in bilateral renal artery stenosis bc ACE inhibitors will further DEC GFR-->renal failure |
