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31 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
decrease in total body water
Volume contraction
Isotonic contraction
(water = Na+)
Hypertonic contraction
(water > Na+)
Hypotonic contraction
(Na+ > water)
increase in total body water
Volume expansion
Isotonic expansion
(water = Na+)
Hypertonic expansion
(Na+ > water)
Hypotonic expansion
(water > Na+)
Normal pH range
7.35-7.45
Normal PaO2 range
80 to 100 mmHg
Normal SaO2 range
93 to 100%
Normal PaCO2 range
35 to 45 mmHg
Normal HCO3 range
22 to 26mEq/L
pH below 7.35
Acidosis (acidemia)
pH above 7.45
Alkalosis (alkalemia)
If the client is acidotic with a PaC02 greater than 45 mmHg it is:
RESPIRATORY
If the client is acidotic with a HC03 less than 22 mEq/L it is:
METABOLIC
If the client is alkalotic with a PaC02 less than 35 mmHg it is
RESPIRATORY
If the client is alkalotic with a HC03 greater than 26 mEq/L it is
METABOLIC
tx for respiratory acidosis
O2 and ventilation support
tx for respiratory alkadosis
rebreathing exhalations (breathing into a bag)
tx for metabolic alkadosis
infusion of NaCl/KCl (will increase renal excretion of bicarb)
tx for metabolic acidosis
treat underlying cause, administer bicarb
Hypokalemia labs
K+ <3.5mEq/L
common cause of hypokalemia and treatment
diuretics; treat with oral or IV K+ cautiously
common causes of hyperkalemia and treatment
kidney failure, trauma, too much spironolactone, Addison’s, acidosis; hold K+ replacement, check diet, infuse Ca++, insulin/glucose (pushes K+ back into cells from extracellular space), bicarb, dialysis or Kayexalate
Hyperkalemia labs
K+ >5.5mEq/L
MOA of thiazide diuretics
blocks reabsorption of Na+ and Cl- in the distal convoluted tubule promoting diuresis; works with intact kidney function
MOA of potassium sparing diruetics
Blocks aldosterone in the distal nephron; Inhibits exchange of Na+/K+
What class of diuetics ability to promote diuresis is dependent upon functioning kidneys?
thiazide diuretics
Adverse effects of postassium-sparing diuretics
HYPERKALEMIA (not with ACE Inhibitors)
r/t testosterone inhibition:
Gynecomastia
Menstrual irregularities
Impotence
Hirsutism
Deepening voice