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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
decrease in total body water
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Volume contraction
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Isotonic contraction
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(water = Na+)
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Hypertonic contraction
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(water > Na+)
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Hypotonic contraction
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(Na+ > water)
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increase in total body water
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Volume expansion
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Isotonic expansion
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(water = Na+)
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Hypertonic expansion
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(Na+ > water)
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Hypotonic expansion
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(water > Na+)
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Normal pH range
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7.35-7.45
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Normal PaO2 range
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80 to 100 mmHg
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Normal SaO2 range
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93 to 100%
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Normal PaCO2 range
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35 to 45 mmHg
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Normal HCO3 range
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22 to 26mEq/L
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pH below 7.35
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Acidosis (acidemia)
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pH above 7.45
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Alkalosis (alkalemia)
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If the client is acidotic with a PaC02 greater than 45 mmHg it is:
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RESPIRATORY
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If the client is acidotic with a HC03 less than 22 mEq/L it is:
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METABOLIC
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If the client is alkalotic with a PaC02 less than 35 mmHg it is
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RESPIRATORY
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If the client is alkalotic with a HC03 greater than 26 mEq/L it is
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METABOLIC
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tx for respiratory acidosis
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O2 and ventilation support
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tx for respiratory alkadosis
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rebreathing exhalations (breathing into a bag)
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tx for metabolic alkadosis
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infusion of NaCl/KCl (will increase renal excretion of bicarb)
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tx for metabolic acidosis
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treat underlying cause, administer bicarb
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Hypokalemia labs
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K+ <3.5mEq/L
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common cause of hypokalemia and treatment
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diuretics; treat with oral or IV K+ cautiously
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common causes of hyperkalemia and treatment
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kidney failure, trauma, too much spironolactone, Addison’s, acidosis; hold K+ replacement, check diet, infuse Ca++, insulin/glucose (pushes K+ back into cells from extracellular space), bicarb, dialysis or Kayexalate
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Hyperkalemia labs
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K+ >5.5mEq/L
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MOA of thiazide diuretics
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blocks reabsorption of Na+ and Cl- in the distal convoluted tubule promoting diuresis; works with intact kidney function
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MOA of potassium sparing diruetics
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Blocks aldosterone in the distal nephron; Inhibits exchange of Na+/K+
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What class of diuetics ability to promote diuresis is dependent upon functioning kidneys?
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thiazide diuretics
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Adverse effects of postassium-sparing diuretics
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HYPERKALEMIA (not with ACE Inhibitors)
r/t testosterone inhibition: Gynecomastia Menstrual irregularities Impotence Hirsutism Deepening voice |