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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is mode of action of mannitol?
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Osmotic diuretic. It increases tubular fluid osmolarity, producing increased urine flow.
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What is mannitol used for?
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To decrease intracranial and intraocular pressure.
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What is the toxicity of mannitol?
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PULMONARY EDEMA! So contraindicated in CHF!!
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What is MOA of acetazolamide?
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Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. Causes self limited NaHCO3- diuresis and reduction in total body HCO3- stores. ACTS ON THE PROXIMAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE!!
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What are the clinical uses of acetazolamide?
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Glaucoma (in the eye, a reduction in amt of bicarbonate secreted in aqueous humor and decreased intraocular pressure).
2) Urinary alkalinization 3) Metabolic alkalosis 4) Altitutude sickness. |
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What are the toxicity of acetazolamide?
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Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis, neuropathy, NH3 toxicity, sulfa allergy!! Myopia, tinnitus.
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What is MOA of furosemide?
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Sulfonamide loop diuretic. Inhibits cotransport system (Na+, K+, 2Cl-) of thick ascending limb of loop of Henle.
2) Abolishes hypertonicity of medulla!! 3) Prevents concentration of urine. 4) Increases Ca++ excretion, so used in hypercalcemia: Loops Lose Calcium!!! |
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What are the clinical uses of furosemide?
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Edematous states: CHF, cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome, pulmonary edema,
HTN Hypercalcemia! |
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What is the toxicity of furosemide?
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Ototoxicity
Hypokalemia Dehydration, Sulfa allergy!!! Nephritis Gout: OH DANG. Ototoxicity, hypokalemia, Dehydration, allergy, Nephritis, Gout. |
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What is MOA of ethacrynic acid?
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Phenoxyacetic acid derivative (NOT a sulfonamide)!!! Blcoks Na+, K+, 2CL- pump in TAL of loop of Henle.
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What is ethacrynic acid used for?
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Diuresis in patients allergic to sulfa drugs!!
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What is MOA of hydrochlorothiazide?
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Thiazide diuretic. Inhibits NaCL reabsorption in early distal tubule, reducing diluting capacity of nephron. Decreases calcium excretion!!
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What is clinical use of hydrochlorothiazide?
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Hypertension, CHF, idiopathic hypercalciuria, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.
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What is toxicity of hydrochlorothiazide?
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Hypokalmie metabolic alkalosis, hyponatremia.
HyperGLUC Hyperglycemia, Hyperlipidemia Hyperuricemia Hypercalcemia!! Sulfa Allergy!!! |
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What are some K+ sparing diuretics?
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spironolactone, triamterene, amiloride!!
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What is mechanism of spironolactone?
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Competitive aldosterone receptor antagonist in cortical collecting tubule!!
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What is mechanism of triamterene and amiloride?
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Block Na+ channels in the cortical collecting tubule, so cant reabsorb Na+ and pump K+ into the urine.
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What is the clinical use of K+ sparing diuretics?
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Hyperaldosteronism, K+ depletion, CHF.
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What is the toxicity of spironolactone?
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Hyperkalemia, gynecomastia, antiandrogen effects.
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What is the effect of all diuretics on NaCL in urine?
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All increase salt in urine!!
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What is effect of all diuretics on urine K+?
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All increase K++ in urine except the K+ sparing diuretics.
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What diuretics cause acidosis of blood?
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Carbonic anhydrase inhibtors, K+sparing diuretics.
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Which diuretics can cause alkalosis of blood?
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Loop diuretics
Thiazides. |
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Which diuretics increase urine Ca++?
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Loop diuretics
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Which diuretics decrease urine Ca++?
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thiazides!
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What are some examples of Ace inhibitors?
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Captopril, Enalapril, Lisinopril.
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What is mechanism of ACE inhibitors?
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Inhibits angiotensive converting enzyme, reducing levels of angiotensin II and preventing inactivation of bradykinin, a potent vasodilator.
renin is increased due to loss of feedback inhibition. |
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What are the uses of ACE inhibitors?
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Hypertension, CHF, diabetic renal disese.
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What is the toxicity of ACE inhibitors?
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Cough, Angioedema, Proteinuria, Taste changes, hypotension, Pregnancy problems, Rash, increased renin, lower angiotensin II. Also hyperkalemia.
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What is mode of action of Losartan?
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Angiotensin II receptor antagonist. So does NOT cause cough.
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