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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Filtration site: a specialized semi-permeable glomerular capillary membrane (3 layers)
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1. Endothelium
2. Basement membrane 3. Epithelium |
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Describe the endothelium
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1. Endothelium: highly fenestrated (50x more permeable than muscle capillaries)
Fenestration: big gaps between the endothelial cells which allow for the high rate of luid movement |
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Describe the basement membrane
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2. Basement membrane: matrix of negatively charged glycoproteins
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Describe the epithelium
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3. Epithelium: “podocytes” separated by filtration slit (gap)
• Negatively charged |
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All layers of the glomerular capillary wall provide a barrier to filtration of [...........]
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Plasma proteins
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Plasma proteins are negatively charged so they are inhibited from moving out by.....
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Negative glycoproteins in the basement membrane
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Proteins usually get stopped at...
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The area between the endothelial cells and the basement membrane and then have another barrier with slit pores
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In the systemic capillaries: filtration was balancing [.........] so there is little net filtration
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Reabsorption
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In glomerular capillaries have a specific type of membrane that allows for....
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The high rate of movement of fluids
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What structure is the exception to the single layer of cells?
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The glomerulus is the exception to the single layer of cells
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Because the kidney is a permeable structure, what is a vulnerability that is has?
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It can have some proteins leak into one layer or another and have immune responses that can take place.
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Glomerular scarring and injury (Glomerulonephritis-inflammation) is caused by...
What are four ways this can be caused by? |
the deposition of immune complexes and antibodies in the interstitium following...
o streptococcal infections o viral infections o systemic lupus o IgA nephropathy |
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Loss of negative charges on the basement membrane can lead to...
What are the signs of these? |
Hypertensive kidney disease and diabetic nephropathy
o Proteinuria or albuminuria are early signs to look for |
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Renal blood flow (entering kidneys) is _____% of cardiac output
RBF rate is.... ______ mL/min |
20 %
1200 mL/min |
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Glomerular filtration rate of 10%
RBF = ___________ |
RBF = 80 L/day =125 ml/min
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Fluid filtering out of the glomerular capillaries into Bowman’s space... Most of the filtered fluid gets reabsorbed and goes back to the renal vein... explain the role of GFR and effect on homeostasis...
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Massive GFR allows kidneys to maintain homeostasis by starting the plasma at a rate of 180 L/day and then perfecting it by reabsorbing what the body needs to keep and secreting what the body needs to dump in order to maintain normal body homestasis
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Glomerular filtration rate is ___% of renal plasma flow
Why is this signficicant? |
20%
Provides a tremendous concentration of plasma proteins because the plasma proteins are staying behind but you are still losing 20% of the plasma water |
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Filtration fraction = GFR / RPF which yields..
Actual rate of urine production is...____ ml/min and ___ L/day |
.2% or 20%
1-2 ml/min 1.5 L/day |
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In order to have a high rate of GFR, have to have an increase in the rate of renal blood flow...
Describe how this is regulated... |
Due to the high pressure and blood flow coming into the glomerular capillaries- there is a capillary bed that is exposed to higher than normal hydrostatic pressure
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