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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Source/ indication of BUN |
Non-protein end product of protein metabolism formed by liver, but is used as a renal function test. |
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BUN increases in: |
- Renal failure - Urinary obstruction - Dehydration - GI bleeding |
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BUN decreases in: |
- Liver failure - Malnutrition - Impaired absorption |
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Source and indication of creatinine: |
Product of muscle breakdown, excreted in kidney to indicate renal function. |
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Creatinine increases in: |
- Renal failure - Muscle disease - Urinary obstruction - Dehydration |
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Creatinine decreases in: |
- Liver disease - Muscular dystrophy |
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Source and indication of bilirubin: |
Byproduct of breakdown of hemoglobin in RBC, cleared by liver. |
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Define: conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin |
Conjugated: soluble bilirubin Unconjucated: insoluble bilirubin, bound to albumin |
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Unconjugated bilirubin increases in: |
- Liver damage - Liver obstruction - Hemolysis - Pancreatic cancer |
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Source and indication of alkaline phosphate (ALP) |
Isoenzymes involved in sugar / phosphate transfer in liver, bone and tissue. Is secreted into bile, so measures gallbladder / liver activity.
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Alkaline phosphate (ALP) increases in: |
- Biliary obstruction - Liver damage - Cirrhosis - Hyperthyroidism |
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Alkaline phosphate (ALP) decreases in: |
- Hypothyroidism - Malnutrition |
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Source and indication of aspartate amino-transferase (AST): |
Found in tissues with increased metabolic activity: heart, liver, skeletal muscle, brain, kidnet, etc. Damage to these cells release AST and liver function. |
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Aspartate amino-transferase (AST) increased in: |
- Myocardial infarction - Liver disease - NSAID and acetaminophen overuse |
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Aspartate amino-transferase (AST) decreased in: |
- Beriberi (vit B deficiency causing damage to nerves and heart failure) - Uncontrolled DM with acidosis |
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Source and indication of alanine amino-transferase (AST): |
Mostly liver. Some in heart, muscle, and kidney. Similar to AST, but specific for liver function. |
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Alanine amino-transferase (AST) increased in: |
- Liver damage - Cirrosis - Acetaminophen and isoniazid overuse - Heart, muscle, or kidney injury |
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Alanine amino-transferase (AST) decreased in: |
None given |
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Source and indication of albumin: |
From liver, indicates serum osmotic pressure as it helps with water homeostasis and blood constituent transport. |
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Albumin increased in: |
- Dehydration (rare) - Iatrogenic shock |
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Albumin decreased in: |
- Malnutrition - Burns hemorrhage - Edema |
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Source and indication of gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT): |
Found in liver, kidney and pancreas; used to detect liver damage induced by alcohol. More sensitive than ALP, AST and ALT for some diseases. |
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Gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) increased in: |
- Alcoholism - Bile duct cancer - Cirrhosis |
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Gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) decreased in: |
None given |
