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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What was the religious issue in England’s first Reformation?
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The religious issue in England was the supremacy of the Pope.
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According to Luther, to what does a "theology of glory" inevitably lead?
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A “theology of glory” always leads to a moralistic spirituality.
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Zwingli believed that the so-called sacraments of baptism and the Lord's Supper were symbolic ceremonies. Why did Zwingli believe that baptism and the Lord's Supper were only symbolic?
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Zwingli believed that the Spirit feeds the soul only by faith.
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Shelley describes the Roman Catholic Church’s doctrine of justification by faith and good works as consisting of three things. State these three things.
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Demonstration of faith through virtuous acts, acceptance of church dogma, and participation in church ritual.
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To what does the theology of the cross lead, according to Olson?
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A “theology of the cross” always leads to discipleship marked by suffering.
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Shelley notes that Calvin did not profess to know who was one of the elect. However, three tests constituted a good yardstick to judge who was saved. What three tests provided a good yardstick for judging who was saved?
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participation in baptism and the Lord’s Supper, an upright moral life, public profession of faith.
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Shelley tells us that Pope Paul III wanted reform and instituted a new austerity in the church. Which of the following, according to Shelley, best represents what made the Pope’s new rigor apparent?
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Pope Paul’s new austerity was seen in establishing the Index of prohibited books.
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What did Luther believe about the Lord's Supper?
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The Lord's Supper is a real presence of physical food and Christ’s body.
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Shelley notes that most any new translation of the Bible from the Hebrew or Greek was bound to offend Rome due to mistranslations in the Latin Vulgate version. Which of the following best represents the most noteworthy example of questionable translation of the Greek text found in the Latin version of the Bible?
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The translation of “repent” as “do penance.”
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How did the “radical” Anabaptists define a “true church?”
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A “true church” was a community of dedicated disciples.
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The second Anabaptist principle is the “principle of love.” In the first place, this called for pacifism. Which of the following best explains “pacifism?”
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Pacifism means that one rejects all use of violence even to defend against persecution.
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Shelley tells us that Jesuits took the three vows that were traditional for Friars or Mendicants, then added a fourth vow that went beyond the traditional three. What did the Jesuits vow that went beyond the three traditional vows?
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They took a special vow of loyalty to the Pope.
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Balthasar Hubmaier rejected divine monergism and accepted the synergism of Erasmus. Which of the following best explains how Hubmaier thought about human free will?
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Human free will comes from Christ and the Holy Spirit to everyone.
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What does Olson call "the most revolutionary act of the Reformation," and why was it revolutionary?
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Two of Zwingli followers baptized one another. This was considered both heretical and seditious.
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Shelley says that, in one major way, the Anabaptists were forerunners of practically all modern Protestant groups. In what way did the Anabaptists prove to be the forerunners of practically all modern Protestants?
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The Anabaptists were forerunners in their view of separation of church and state.
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The Anglican Book of Common Prayer standardizes worship and prayer for Anglicans worldwide. According to Anglicans, how is God glorified in worship, and how is He not glorified?
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God is glorified in uniform, collective worship and not in spontaneous worship.
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Olson discusses Casper Schwenkfeld under the “radicals,” but Schwenkfeld held beliefs that were different from most Anabaptists. Which of the following best represents what Schwenkfeld emphasized?
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Schwenkfeld emphasized the "inner light" of God’s spirit within everyone.
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Olson makes an important point about many of the Roman Catholic beliefs that were being challenged by Protestants during the Reformation. What was true, at this time, of many Roman Catholic beliefs that were being challenged by Protestants?
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These beliefs had never been made the official dogma of the Church.
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Olson discusses the “reform Councils” like the Council of Constance (1414-1418). What reform did the Council of Constance accomplish?
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The Council of Constance settled the great papal schism and elected one Pope.
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What did Luther stress about the essence of Christian living that removed the necessity for monasticism?
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The essence of Christian living consists of serving God in one’s calling.
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Calvin taught God's "meticulous providence." Which of the following best represents what “meticulous providence” means?
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“Meticulous providence” means that God is the ultimate cause of everything.
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Shelley evaluates the Elizabethan Settlement as something between the Protestant Reformation and the Roman Catholic tradition. In what two things did Elizabeth’s “middle way” retain Roman Catholic elements?
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It retained Roman Catholic elements in its liturgy and in the rule of bishops.
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Menno Simmons rejected the magisterial Reformers idea of "forensic" justification. Which of the following best represents why Simmons rejected the idea of "forensic" justification?
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Simmons rejected the idea of "forensic" justification because it impeded holy living.
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What, for Luther, was "God's word"?
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God's word is the gospel of Christ preached.
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What was the heart and essence of Luther's theological contribution?
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Salvation as a gift of divine mercy.
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According to Olson, "Calvin wanted to have Christ's body in heaven and eat it in the sacramental meal too!" Explain Calvin's solution to this apparent contradiction.
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Calvin taught that the Holy Spirit draws together the body of Christ and the believer.
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What did the compromise of the Peace of Augsburg allow?
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The Peace of Augsburg allowed each prince to decide the religion of his subjects.
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According to Olson, Roman Catholic reformers such as Cardinal Contarini wanted to see significant reforms in the Roman Catholic Church. Which of the following best represents what these reformers wanted to see?
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These reformers wanted clergy to be educated and resident in their parishes.
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Luther believed that we sin even in our best works. The solution to this problem is the “joyful exchange.” Explain this exchange.
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A joyful exchange between Christ's goodness and righteousness and the human person own sinfulness and unrighteousness
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Explain what Olson means when he calls Luther a "dialectical" thinker.
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Luther enjoyed the paradoxical nature of truth.
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According to Shelley, the Anabaptist “principle of love” was also expressed in another way besides pacifism. Which of the following best explains this extension of the “principle of love”?
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The “principle of love” was expressed in the redistribution of wealth.
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Shelley tells us that Calvin shared four major ideas with Luther. Shelley also identifies a “central doctrine” for both Reformers. What was Calvin’s “central doctrine”?
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Calvin’s central doctrine was the sovereignty of God.
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In his Spiritual Exercises, Ignatius Loyola outlined a three-step path to spiritual perfection. Which of the following best represents these three steps?
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The steps to perfection were examination of conscience, penance, and amnesia about guilt.
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