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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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meaning "my master". taught from yht torahshad to teach roles designed for nomadic people th those from iron age to the present. had to interpret laws to fit a group
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rabbis
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the date of the fall of the temple
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66ce under titus, romans capture jeruselem. 70ce the temple was destroyed. thousands of jews were murdered and enslaved.
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what new judaism arose after the fall of jerselem
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rabbi zakkai escaped and asked titus if he could re-establish a jewish center of learning in yebneh
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what debates were there between titus and rabbi zakkai and what was the beginning of rabbinic judaism?
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debates about books resulted in adoption of the torah and prophets. writings were hotly debated and psalms, job, esther, tobit, judith, and l and ll maccabbes were included.
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consists of first five books of the bible, called the petateuch, which are the most important book to the jews
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torah
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meaning "my master". taught from yht torahshad to teach roles designed for nomadic people th those from iron age to the present. had to interpret laws to fit a group
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rabbis
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the date of the fall of the temple
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66ce under titus, romans capture jeruselem. 70ce the temple was destroyed. thousands of jews were murdered and enslaved.
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what new judaism arose after the fall of jerselem
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rabbi zakkai escaped and asked titus if he could re-establish a jewish center of learning in yebneh
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what debates were there between titus and rabbi zakkai and what was the beginning of rabbinic judaism?
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debates about books resulted in adoption of the torah and prophets. writings were hotly debated and psalms, job, esther, tobit, judith, and l and ll maccabbes were included.
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consists of first five books of the bible, called the petateuch, which are the most important book to the jews
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torah
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called "the repitition" compiled by judah. legal commentary since days of ezra, was based on the torah. written in hebrew.made second laws to enforce the primary of the ten commanments. 2nd c. jews to live by the laws of God
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mishnahearly problem of jews and christians
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early problem of jews and christians
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brought pressure and hostility against the jews. peter and paul story in new testament indicated non-jews had a problem with circumcision and josher laws while jews had trouble accepting jesus as the messiah
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developed from a blending of the germara and the mishnah.
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talmuds
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difference between babylonian talmud and palestinian talmud
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palestinian was 1/3 size of babylonian talmud. palestinian talmud was written 425ce in aramiaic/hebrew mix the babylonian talmud was more influential.... written in 500ce and consistiong of about 2.5 million words
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relationship between judaism and early islam
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8th century came under muslim control in babylon, palestine, turkey, n africa and spain. were persecuted then later tolerated. muslims and jews worked together untill 800 when heavy taxes from to oppress them. jewish academics died here and moved to spain.
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the development of judaism in spain
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as early as 1st c ce, jews were in spain. by 4th c christians gave thema choice to convert or leave. with muslim conquest of 711, jews became free.
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what happens after jews become free in spain?
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jewish scholars such as maimonides emerge. by 13thc muslim rule declines as christianity increases, 1000's of jews massacred in 1391. by 1492 all jews were expelled from spain by the muslims
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"tradition"
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kabbalah. kabbalism had a following
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book of jewish mystecism. book of creation and this book became the most widely read book in judaism. concerned with nature of go. belief in the pre-existent and immortal soul. no evil. helpful during time of oppression
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the zohar
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history of judaism from 15th to 17th c
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most were expelled from europe.some moved to ottomon empire. reformation and Luther in 1517 against jews. in rome, formation of the ghetto. 1215 4th lateran council- jews must wear yellow badges. 17thc poland objects of pogroms where 300,000 to 500,000 jews were slughtered
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called "the repitition" compiled by judah. legal commentary since days of ezra, was based on the torah. written in hebrew.made second laws to enforce the primary of the ten commanments. 2nd c. jews to live by the laws of God
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mishnahearly problem of jews and christians
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early problem of jews and christians
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brought pressure and hostility against the jews. peter and paul story in new testament indicated non-jews had a problem with circumcision and josher laws while jews had trouble accepting jesus as the messiah
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developed from a blending of the germara and the mishnah.
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talmuds
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difference between babylonian talmud and palestinian talmud
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palestinian was 1/3 size of babylonian talmud. palestinian talmud was written 425ce in aramiaic/hebrew mix the babylonian talmud was more influential.... written in 500ce and consistiong of about 2.5 million words
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relationship between judaism and early islam
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8th century came under muslim control in babylon, palestine, turkey, n africa and spain. were persecuted then later tolerated. muslims and jews worked together untill 800 when heavy taxes from to oppress them. jewish academics died here and moved to spain.
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reform judaism. how did they update their practices that were outdated to survive in western civilization? in 1843 what declarations were agreed upon?
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1)continuatuion in the dev of judaism2)the talmud has no authority 3) we seek no messiah and our homeland is the place of our birth. it attempt to be as modern as possible, allowing females to worship alongside males and even ordaining them as rabbis
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the growth of ziosm
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1894 dreyfus scandal in franco-prussiann war. theodor herzl covered this case and opened th door for what would become the zionist movement
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what was the zionist movement
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the jewish people returning to palestine. by 1933 220,000 jews to palestine. limits put on immigration to 15,000/year as a result of the revolt by muslims and christians
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some of the main events of the holocaust
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1933 hitlar becomes chancellor; nuremburg law of 1935 jews become decond class citizens. jews tried to flee, but us and palestine limited immigration of jews to their countries; 1941 "final solution" extermination of all jews in nazi germany. death by zyklon gas; 1946 nuemberg trials- eichman trial
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significant events that resulted in israel becoming a state
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after wwll... 1947 un partitioned palestine into a jewish and arab state. 1948- british left and israel became a state
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six variations in contemporary judaism
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1) orthodox- largest group
2) reform 3) conservative 4) reconstructionist 5)fundamentalist 6) secular |
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largest group within judaism. strives to preserve traditional jewish culture and religion and resist the secularizing elements of modernity
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orthodox jews
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popular in us and europs. emphasizes the universality of tradional jewish values, interfaith dialogue, and social activism
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reform judaism
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arose in the 19thc led by sabata morais as a reaction against the perceived extremes of the reform movement. between orthodox and reform
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conservative
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growing out of the conservative movementm kaplan understood judaism to be not only a religion but a culture, with its own history, laws and arts
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reconstructionist
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demand complete acceptance of tradional jewish law and are overtly hostile to non-jews
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fundamentalist jews
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shabbat
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`sabbath, the most importan day. friday sunset to saturday sundown
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peseach
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8 day passover festival, exodus from egypt, seder dinner first 3 nights
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rosh hasanah
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new year
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yom kipper
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day of atonement
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chaukah
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feast of dedication, maccabees take temple back to syria
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bar mitzvah
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13th bday where boys become men
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the only gospels that speak of jesus's birth
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mathew and luke
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earliest writngs were the epistles from who written 50 to 60 ce
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paul
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after 70 ce who wrote the first gospel account
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mark
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is a belief that contradicts the popular or common belief
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heresy
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a divine spark with humans. it is immortal and comes from an unknown god. universe is controlled by evil forces, so world need a redeemer figure. salvation is knowlede-gnosis. God is all spirit. worldly flesh was created by a lesser god. jesus only appeared to be human
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gnosticism
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shared gnostic teachings. two gods, a world god of justice who created the world and a god who was the father of jesus. jesus came to save the children of justice. marcion taught that this was the god of the ot
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marcionism
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second century. taught that holy spirit roamed and showed itself in speaking in tongues and in prophecy. taght end of the world when christ will come again. very charismatic
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montanism
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early growth of the church of rome
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bishops in charge of each city. bishop of rome most important and later became the papacy. constantine moved political power from rome to constantinople, leaving political voids to be filled by church leaders. eastern church various over doctrine
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interested in manichaeism ans neoplatonism. in milon, student of ambrose. bishop of hippo. wrote "the city of God" develops concept of original sin. interested in fall of man and predestination
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augustine
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a 3rdc development involving retreat from urban areas include celibacy, fasting, giving up of wordly possessions. began in egypt. influenced by egyptian, religion, gnosticism, manichaeism and neoplatonism
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monasticism
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what was the eatern beliefs the differed from western
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theological issues. argued over divin nature of christ. eastern patriarchs refused to accept the authority of the westeern pope. used icons, baptized infants by immersion, used bread and wine in eucharist, marriage was permitted among preists and used in greek services
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what was the wqestern beliefs that differef from the eatern
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west more practical and concerned with survival in a decaying culture. was concerned more about the humanity of christ. west used statues, sprinkling of water for baptism, only bread for eucharist, celibacy among preists and use of latin in services. accepted authority of western pope
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influenced by aristotle. interested in faith and reason. dominican monk. attempted to chrisianize aristotle. used reason to argue the exitence of God and divine revelation his most famous work "suma theologiae" became the basis of theological systemization in the roman catholic church
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thomas aquinas
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ninety-five thesis. start of protestant revolution. called for moral reform. against selling of indulgences. anyone could interpret scriture. translated bible into german. organized reformed church in germany. removed anythign in vchurch that was not found in scripture. wrote hymns. encourages marriage of preists and nuns. anti-jewish writings. encouraged the murder of peasants
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events in the life of martin luther that led to the reformation and his contributions to his reform movement
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was a swiss reformer who was inspired by martin luther. martin luther believed that the elements of the communion service were to be seen literally as the body and blood of christ. this man on the other hand believed the bread and wine were a symbol for the rememberence of christ's body and blood
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urich zwingli and his understanding of communion
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return to christianity before the church corrupted it. followed the teachings of augustine. set up protestant theology. leader in geneva and started a university there. under his rule, protestants lived under great oppression. he wrote "the Institutesof the Christian Religion"
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john calvin and his significane to the movement later referred to as tthe protestant reformation
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the motivating factors that resulted in the birth of the church of england
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resulted from a desire to seperate from control by the roman church and political independence. king of england, henry vlll story....catherine, no children, annulment refused, married anne boleyn and started the church of england
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the anabaptists and how they were different from other reformation movements
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"those who are baptized a second tim" radical group. discard anything not found in the nt. rejected infant baptism, since it is not in the nt. saw technology of modern world as evil.
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who are some anabaptists found in ud today?
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amish and mennonites. others like calvin rejected anthing not in the bible. they were rejecting anything not found in the nt
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baptism, confirmation, penance, eucharist, unction, marriage, holy orders
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seven sacraments resulting from the cathoolic couner-reformation
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today called "jesuits", founder wrote "spriritual exercises". it is a monostatic group of university students with emphasis on scholarship and meditation. later, became a recognized group by the church in rome and added emphasis on obedience to the pope
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loyola and the development of the society of jesus
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three catholic dogmas accepted since the council of trent
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1)the immaculate conception- jesus' mother mary conceived as a virgin and was born without original sin 2)papal infallibility- pope is infallible when speaking about dogma or morals. 3)bodily assumption of mary- mary's body was taken directly to heavan without decaying in a tomb
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pope jon xlll wanted to ring the church up to date. 1962-1965. he invited members of the protestant and eastern orthodox churches. results; non catholics are christians;use of vernacular in mass; index of prohibited books was abolished; more participation of congregation in worship; jews were not responsible for the death of jesus; outreach for mo0re dialog with other christians
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the work of the second vatican council. pope john xxll
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