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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Who developed logical positivism?
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Vienna Circle
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What was the position of the vienna circle?
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Unless a statement could be empirically varified, it was meaningless.
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What does the Varification principle rule out?
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Talk of God, art, history, ethics, opinion ect.
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Who developed the weak varification principle?
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A.J. Ayer
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How does the weak varification principle differ from the original?
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For something to be meaningful under the weak principle, one only has to see a way to empirically proving a statement, for example gathering all the crows in the world together to prove they're all black. Unrealistic though.
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What does the Weak Varification principle mean for historical statements?
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One can see a way to varify it, so they are again meaningful
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Explain 'eschatological varification'
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Hich argued that when we die we will recieve varification of God's existence. Men travelling analogy.
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Who developed the falsification principle?
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Anthony Flew
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What did Flew argue about religious language?
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That it contains no facts that can be proved true or false.
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What did Richard Swinburne argue about unverifiable statements?
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That they still carry meaning, for example 'toys come out of the cupboard when we are not looking'-- we still understand it, but it cannot be varified.
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Who developed ideas about Symbol?
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Paul Tillich
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which is more important, the ideas behind the symbol or the symbol itself?
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Ideas behind the symbol
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'A symbol participates in that to which it points'
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Paul Tillich
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Explain participation and negation
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Take the example of the cross, the symbol holds the meaning of salvation, Jesus' death, forgiveness, sacrifice and many other things. This is the participation. When the meaning behind the symbol is reached, the symbol itself is less needed and less relavent. This is negation.
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What are the problems associated with using specific symbols?
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They are interpreted differently in different places and cultures. Foe example, the hammer and sickle might represent hope and unity to some, but fear and repression to others.
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Who developed ideas of analogy?
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Aquinas
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Explain Univocal language
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When a word is used in exactly the same way, for example 'he was shot' and 'I shot the bird'
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Explain Equivocal language
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When the same word is used in a different way for example 'he was shot' and 'I had a shot of rum'
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What did Aquinas way about equivocal and univocal language?
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That religious language must not be understood in either of these ways.
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Explain analogy of attribution
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Many of our characteristics are derived from God, this is how we understand them. For example, we understand wisdom because it is a reflection of God's wisdom.
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Explain analogy of proportion
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For example, 'God is loving'-- because we can understand human love and we know God is FAR AND BEYOND more loving than humans, we can begin to grasp the concept.
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Who devised the idea of models and qualifiers?
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Ian Ramsey
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Explain models and qualifiers
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"God is infinitely loving"
1. 'loving' is the model, we understand the concept of love. 2. 'infinite' is the qualifier, to think about 'love' in greater depth = a closer understanding of God's goodness. |
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What is another name for the Via Negativa?
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Apophatic way
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Why is the Via Negativa necessary?
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Because God is a being so indescribable
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Who developed idea about the Via Negativa?
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Dionysius the Areopagite
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What is the first stage of language?
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Negation -- easier to understand what God is not- e.g. "God is not mortal"
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What is the second stage of language?
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Affirmation -- What CAN be said about God-- these can only be found in the Bible
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Complete the sentence: The Via Negativa is a way to...
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... go beyond ordinary language.
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Complete the sentence: The Via Negativa...
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...places no limit on God.
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The Via Negativa conveys...
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...the essential otherness and mystery of God.
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The Via Negativa does not require...
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...interpretation (as symbol does
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The Via Negativa can be understood...
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... without reference to language and culture.
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Without a prior understanding of God....
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... the Via Negativa becomes a little ambiguous.
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Many religions however...
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... do make positive statements about deities
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The Via Negativa is used alot...
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... in Buddhism
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