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81 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Jewish Bible (Name) |
Tanakh, which is a collection of books essentially equating to the Christian Old Testament |
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Canon |
Writings in Scripture which are considered authoritative. |
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Closed Canon |
No other books may be added |
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Three Divisions of Tanakh |
Torah, Nevi'im, and Kethuvim |
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Torah |
aka Five Books of Moses or The Pentateuch. Includes Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, and Deuteronomy |
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Nevi'im |
Books about the Prophets such as King Saul, David, and Solomon. Temple life. |
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Kethuvim |
The Writings, Wisdom literature. Includes books like Psalms, Proverbs, Job, etc. |
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Apocrypha |
Part of some Protestant Bibles. Not considered part of the Canon |
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Adam and Eve |
First humans in the story of Creation. Inspired Doctrine of "original sin" |
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Noah's Ark and the Great Flood |
Story in the Bible where God wiped out all of creation except Noah and family |
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Abraham |
Father of Abrahamic religions, establishes covenant with God. |
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Sarah/Sarai |
Wife of Abraham
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Hagar |
Slave of Sarah, who gives birth to Ishmael, son of Abraham |
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Isaac |
Abraham and Sarah's son, who God asks Abraham to sacrifice as a test of his faith |
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Sign of Covenant |
Circumcision |
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Jacob |
Son of Isaac, renamed Israel or "he who strives with God" after struggling with an Angel. Descendants of Jacob are Israelites. |
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Moses |
Man who was called by God to free Israelites from slavery in Egypt. Leads them out of Egypt in the Exodus. Receives the Ten Commandments |
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King David |
King after Saul during time of 1000 BCE. |
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King Solomon |
King after David during time of 950 BCE. Builds first Temple in Jerusalem |
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Israel |
Ten Northern Tribes combined. Descendants reappear as Samaritans in New Testament. |
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Judah |
Two Southern Tribes. Judah = name of Tribe from which we get Judaism and Jews. Temple in Jerusalem is destroyed |
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Circa 535 BCE
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Rebuilding of Temple
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Phariseees
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Lived modestly, middle class sect; “believe in divine providence, freedom of the will, personal immortality.” Primarily based in the synagogues. Strong emphasis on rules, purity, and tithing. |
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Saducees
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Denied life after death; upper stratum of Judean aristocracy that generally embraced Greek culture. They were the priestly establishment with authority rooted in Temple life. |
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Essenes |
Emphasize virtue, believe in life after death, share things in common, do not marry,often lived removed from society. |
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Samaritans |
Descendants of the “Ten Lost Tribes of Israel” after the post-Solomon split and conquest byAssyrians. Over the centuries, theSamaritans developed their own traditions (Temple at Mt. Gerazim; only recognized Torah). |
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Messiah |
Anointed One. In the Greek language, Messiah is translated as Christos (Christ). Expectations that a descendent of David would restore Israel to greatness; sometimes expected complete transformation of the natural order of the world. |
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70 CE |
Following the actions of a Roman governor to take money from the Temple for taxes, there was an uprising among Jews. In response, Roman soldiers destroyed the second Temple and Jews were dispersed (Diaspora) throughout the Empire. |
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Talmud |
Not considered as authoritative or sacred as Tanakh, but it is nonetheless an important sacred text for interpreting Tanakh and Jewish tradition. |
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Mishnah |
collection of laws Passed down orally (Oral Torah) and written down around 220 CE |
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Gemarah |
Commentary of the Mishnah |
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Jewish Calendar |
Lunar + Solar |
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Halachah |
Collective body of Jewish religious laws derived from the Written and Oral Torah. |
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Passover |
Commemorates Exodus of Israelites from slaveryin Egypt; emphasizes God as Redeemer; takes place in the spring, emphasizing regrowth |
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Passover meal (Seder) |
Origins in Temple ritual of Passover lamb, slaughtered on the Eve of Passover and eaten ceremonially in the home (Solomon,57). Unleavened bread (matza) still eaten. Tell the story of the Passover and Exodus. |
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Shavuot(Pentecost) |
Day that God gave Moses Ten Commandments; early summer) |
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Succot (Tabernacles) |
God’s protection of Israelites in the desert; final harvest |
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Rosh Hashanah (New Year) |
beginning of Ten Days of Penitence |
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YomKippur (Day of Atonement) |
Day of Atonement; end of Ten Days of Penitence; work is forbidden, fasting |
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Hanukkah/Chanukah |
re-dedication of Temple in 165 BCE; found just a little oil that miraculously lasted eight days; festival of light; miracle of the oil; celebrates triumph of light over darkness. |
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Purim |
rescue of Jews from threat of extermination under King of Persia (Book of Esther) |
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Shabbat(Sabbath) |
7th day of the week, day of rest. Sabbath begins on Friday evening, roughly around sunset. Friday evenings are common times for worship services, with meals following at home. |
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Circumcision |
males circumcised on the eighth day |
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Barmitzvah |
age 13: boy reads the Torah in the Synagogue |
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Batmitzvah |
age 12: Reform Jewish ceremony for girls, with Orthodox Jews only recently embracing. |
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Mezuzah |
first two paragraphs of the Shema written on parchment and placed in ac ontainer and attached to the door frame, at least two-thirds of the way up but not at the top, and on the right side as you enter. On the front door of many Jewish homes and on all but bathroom doors inside some Orthodox homes |
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Kosher |
Dietary laws concerning three area: species of animals to be consumed 1. Mammals: split hooves and chews cud 2. Birds: no birds of prey 3. Fish: scales plus fins |
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Kosher Preparation |
Must be slaughtered in a particular way, using a sharp knife to cut in way that causes almost instant loss of consciousness. Two sets of utensils, one for meat and one others, including milk and non-meat. |
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Combination of Foods |
Cannot combine milk and meat |
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Kippah/Yarmulke |
head covering (skullcap) worn at all times (Orthodox) or during prayer (Conservative and some Reform) |
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Reformed Judaism |
Effort to modernize Judaism. Examples of change include: English services, gender equality, no need for temple. |
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Orthodox Judaism |
Represents the pre-modern Jewish tradition, but it does so with an additional self-consciousness. Response to Reform Judaism and basically covers a wide variety ofJudaism. Hasidic emphasized more emotional tone; many wear clothing of Pre-modern Poland and Ukraine. |
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Conservative |
A third option that emerged in Germany and the United States. A middle course between Reform and Orthodox Judaism. |
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New Testament |
27 Books which tell the account of Jesus' life and more |
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Gospel |
Translation of greek which means "good announcement". Followers of Jesus use term to refer to good news regarding what God had done in Jesus. |
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Four Canonical Gospels |
Matthew, Mark, Luke, John |
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Paul |
Jewish Pharisee and Christian missionary |
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Acts |
part 2 of Luke |
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Mary |
Mother of Jesus |
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Frequent Teachings |
Messages of repentance and forgiveness of sin |
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Passover Seder |
Jesus celebrated this with his disciples on Thursday. Remember as The Last Supper (commemorated in Holy Communion) |
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How Jesus Died |
Crucifixion |
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Three days after Jesus Dies |
Resurrection |
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Names for Jesus |
Christ, Son of God, Lord, God incarnate, Savior |
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Creeds |
Official statement of belief |
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Apostles' Creed |
Profession of faith regarding core Christian beliefs |
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Constantine and Nicene Creed |
Emperor who established Council of Nicea to clear up beliefs of Christianity. Profession of faith |
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Doctrine of the Incarnation |
Confirms that Jesus is God in flesh |
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Doctrine of the Trinity |
Confirms that God exists in three persons: the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit |
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Protestant Reformation |
Began under Martin Luther, a Catholic monk. Founder of Lutheran church |
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95 Theses |
Document posted on church door that denied salvation by good works, put authority of the Bible in emphasis rather than Pope. You must believe and accept Jesus as your Savior. |
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John Calvin |
Leader of Calvinism |
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The Radical Reformation |
response to what was believed to be the corruption in both the Roman Catholic Church and the expanding Magisterial Protestant movement led by Martin Luther and many others |
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Evangelical Christians |
Salvation only through Jesus Sole authority of Bible Need for conversion of non-Christians |
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Pentecostalism |
Emphasis on Holy Spirit, gift to speak tongues, charismatic worship, healing power of Holy Spirit |
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Baptism |
Universal practice across all denominations |
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Eucharist, Lord's Supper Mass, Holy Communion |
Commemoration of Last Supper. Drink blood of Jesus (wine/juice) and eat flesh (bread) |
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Easter |
Commemoration of resurrection |
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Palm Sunday |
Sunday before Easter, commemorating arrival of Jesus into Jerusalem and beginning of Holy Week |
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Holy Week |
Includes Maundy Thursday (Last Supper) and Good Friday (Crucifixion of Jesus) |
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Christmas |
December 25th, commemorating birth of Jesus |
