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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How many Christians are there in the world |
1.5B |
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When was Jesus Born |
4 BCE |
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When was Jesus crucified |
30 - 36 Ce |
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The 3 major Christianity branches, and the date of their start |
1. Eastern Orthodox - 1054 CE 2. Roman Catholic - 1517 CE (half of all christians) 3. Protestant Churches - 1517 ce |
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The beliefs of Jews in Judea under Christian authority |
They believed that the Messiah will come and either: - expell the Roman and lead the Jews to get control over Israel - bring the apocalypse and day of judgment |
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How many Christian denominations are there |
33k |
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How did the roman, jews and christians view Jesus |
Roman - threat Jews - a Jew that preaches radical understandings of Judaism Christians - Messiah, son of God |
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2 parts of Christian bible |
Old testament- predicts the birth of Jesus New testament - written in Greek in 60-90 ce. Not canonized until 4th century |
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4 components of the New testament |
- 4 gospels - acts of apostles - epistles - book of revelation |
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4 gosples |
Stories of the life and teachings of Jesus - Matthew: disciple of Jesus - Mark: disciple of Peter - Luke: physician, author of acts of apostles - John: believed to be the disciple of Jesus, but modern scholars disagree |
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Acts of Apostles |
The deeds of the apostles after Jesus died. Generally attributed to Luke. Shows the growth of early church |
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Epistles |
Letters to various early Christians. Two groups: Pauline - written by St. Paul (14/21) Universal - other leaders |
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Book of revelations |
Written around 100 CE by John of Patmos. Predicts the apocolypse and the triumph of good over evil. |
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Jesuss 2 commandments |
1. Love god and your neighboor 2. Some aspects of his teachings included: concern for the poor |
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The last supper |
-jesus shares a meal with his disciples - the bread reasembles the body and wine reasembles blood (Eucharist) - betrayed by his apostle Judas - arrested by the Jewish high court - sentenced to death by the romans |
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Good friday |
The friday Jesus died on |
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Easter |
It is believed that Jesus rose from the dead the sunday after he dies |
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Theories of the death of Jesus (body disappeared) |
1. Romans and jews: his followers removed body 2. Believers : jesus arose from the dead 3. It wasnt his real body 4. Jesus didnt die, left the tomb and went with Mary Magsalene to europe or to Kashmir |
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The day that correspons to shavuot |
Pentacost 50 days after easter Celebrating the holy spirit by baptising |
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The first 2 types of christianity |
1. Nazerene Jews Jews who accepted Jesus as their Messiah Most died out after 70 ce 2. Gentile Christians: non jews Mostly greek speaking Baptism takes place instead of circumcision |
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St. Pauls original name |
Saul of Tarsus |
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3 things St. Paul took out of christianity |
Circumcision Temple worship Dietary laws |
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St. Pauls trial |
Arrested in Jerusalem Trialed in Rome While in house arrest for 2 years he spread christianity making rome the center of it Beheaded |
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People in charge of lower ranking clergy |
Bishops |
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The 4 biggest centers of christianity. What were the names of the people in charge of the curch in those cities |
Rome Alexandria Antioch Jerusalem Patriarchs |
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What led to the great schism |
The bishop of rome, the pope, thought that he deserved more power than the other patriarchs |
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Roman presecution |
Christians were seen as traitors Agape = orgies Christians meeting in secret = demonic Mass of Wine and Bread = cannibalism From 64 ce, Nero publicly excuted Christians |
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Christians who died for their faith |
Martyrs |
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When was the Roman empira split and to what |
300s Eastern - byzantium Western - Rome |
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Emeperor Constantine |
Wins over both east and west empires by 312. Pro Christianity and baptized in death bed. Renames byzantium constantinople. |
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What makes Christianity legal in Rome |
312 edict of Milan (edict of toleration) |
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Council of Nicea |
Provide one statement of faith: the nicene Creed. 325 |
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What was the bible in Latin called |
The Vulgate (old and new testaments) |
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Martin Luther |
1483-1546 Roman catholic priest and prof of Theology. Rajected basic roman catholic traditions like indulgence. Later ran away to Germany and supported by prince Fredrick and published anticatholic material Created protestant Christianity |
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Indulgence |
Document allowing forgivness for punishment for money. Luther rejected it |
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95 theses |
1517 Luther submits 95 complaints to the church. Creates big protest called protestant reformation |
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Protestant Christianity and 3 principles |
Trying to return to original Christianity 1. Sola scripture: scripture alone, new testament. 2. Sola Fida: Faith alone 3. Grace 2 sacraments instead of 7: baptism and euchrist |
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5 protestant groups |
1. Lutheran: martin Luther- Germany, scandinavia, baltic 2. Calvinism: if you dont follow this you cant get salvation- switzerland, scotland, france, england 3. Anglicans/ episcopalians: henry 8 becomes head of church of england. Closer to roman catholic 4. Anabaptists: believed in adolt baptism 5. Quackers ,pacifists: didnt go to the army. Silent service no clergy |
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What date did islam start? What is the name of the islamic calendar |
622ce Anno hijrah |
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What word does islam come from |
Salaam - peace/ surrender to god |
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How many muslims are in the world |
1-1.6 B |
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Percentages of muslims in the world |
Arab- 18% Sunni - 85-90% Shi'ite - 10-15 % |
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Muhammad |
570-632 ce Couldnt read or write Born in Mecca Last of the prophets |
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People of the book |
Dhimmis Christians and Jews |
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Black meteorite stone in Mecca |
Ka'bah Believed to be placed where Abraham placed a black meteorite stone |
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Muhammads clan |
Quraysh Controlled the kabah |
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Muhammads wife |
Khadijah (40) muhammad was 25 6 children |
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The night of power |
Muhammad was 40 at Mt.Hira Angel Gabriel commands him to recite from a cloth covered with writing Start of Quran |
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When did muhammad visit Jerusalem? Why? |
622ce To meet all the prophets |
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What was it called when muhammad fled mecca? What happened after? |
Hijrah Escaped to Yathrib renaming it medinat-al-nabi " city of the prophet" in 622 ce |
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Jihad |
Holy war In medina, muhammad recieves message getting premission for armed struggle Greater Jihad- internal struggle to lead righteous life Lesser Jihad- struggle against external forces |
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Yearly pilgramage to mecca |
Hajj |
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When does muhammad win over mecca? What does he do after? |
630 Cleansing of the sanctuary Cleanses the sanctuary of the 360 polytheistic images Leaves the black meteorite |
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Muslim world community |
Ummah |
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Tradition/ pattern of behviour established by prophets |
Sunnah |
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2 holy texts in Islam |
Shariah Laws 1. Hadith- stories about the prophet as human model 2. Quran |
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5 pillars of Islam |
1. Shahadah 2. Prayer 3. Charity 4. Fast of Ramadan 5. Hajj |
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Shahadah |
There is no god but god, and muhammad is his prophet |
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Prayer in Islam |
Salat 5 times a day |
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Charity in Islam |
Zakat 2.5% of entire wealth The state sometimes collects this as tax |
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Fast of Ramadan |
One month of the year you fast from sunrise to sunset No food water sex At the end there is a festival |
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Four rightly guided Caliphs |
632-661 1. Abu bakr: friend, early convert, father inlaw 2.umar : annexed parts of byzantine empire, assassinated 3. Uthman of Uhmmayad dynasty: quran canonized, assasinated 4. Ali: shi'ite, cousin and son inlaw, assassinated |
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Schism in Islam |
Begins Alis election Contested by prophets wife Aisha and the Ummayads Ali moves to kufa, Iraq |
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Ali's sons |
Hasan abducted and poisoned Husain killed in battle 680 |
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Ali's son's holy site and yearly event |
Holy site- karbala, hussein was killed there Event- Ashura in the month of Muharram |
