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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pre-Dynastic Egypt
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• 5000-3100 BCE
~3 subdivisions |
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3 subdivisions of Pre-Dynastic
Egypt |
1. Badrian 5000-4500 BCE
2. Naqada I 4500-3500 3. Naqada II 3500-3000 |
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All 3 subdivisions of Pre-Dynastic Egypt had
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a. Fetishism Animals/Zoolatry
b. Special Buildings Designed for Ritual c. Practice formal Burial rituals |
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Special Ritual Buildings
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~Made out of wood, mud, and wicker.
~Like regular Egyptian houses but bigger because it was built for a God ~Had Fetishes |
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What did the practice of formal burial rituals do
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Can tell there is some notion in an afterlife b/c of the time they put into making objects to put into the graves.
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Badrain
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~5000-4500 BCE
~Cemetery were located on the edge of settlements |
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Grave Sites in Badrain
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• 1-2 bodies; usually only 1
• Buried in sand • Buried a few feet deep • Body was in fetal position • Body on its left side looking west and head to the south* • Bodies where wrapped • Dressed in Linin • Bedded Belt • Died Green |
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Grave Goods in Badrain
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• Ivory Cones
• Cosmetics w/ cases • Flint tolls • Poetry • Animal Amulets ~Statues of ancient women |
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Naqada I
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4500-3500 BCE
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Naqada I Grave sites
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• Oval
• Big • Held 7 |
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Naqada I Grave goods
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• Ivory Cones
• Cosmetics w/ cases • Flint tolls • Poetry • Animal Amulets • Statues of ancient women ~Turquoise and Lapizlazuli * |
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What does Turquoise and Lapizlazuli indicate?
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○ They had increase in foreign trade
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Naqada II
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Major difference was the Mastaba and Decorated ware
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Mastaba
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~Bench
○ A brick chamber in the ground lined with wood where the body is placed. ○ Later on in this period a building was placed on top of it |
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Decorated Ware
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~Very finally crafted pottery
They where artistically sophisticated; which means they are getting wealthier |
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Egyptian Afterlife
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• Book of The Dead
~ it was up to you |
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The Book of The Dead
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~ 2 main elements ( personal morality and Magical Knowledge)
~42 Negative Confessions (Test of Morality) |
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Politics of Pre Dynastic Egypt
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~Was not centralized
~Had scattered villages that were ruled by Chieftains and each village had there own God/Goddess |
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Gods and Goddesses Pre-Dynastic Egypt
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~Wadjet & Nekhbet
~Min ~Wepwawet ~Anubis ~Thoth ~Ra ~Cow Goddess |
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Wadjet & Nekhbet
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W= Goddess of lower Egypt; N= Goddess of Upper Egypt
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Min
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Goddess of Fertility
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Wepwawet
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~Wolf god
~Theriomorph |
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Theriomorph
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Beings that are animals with human characteristics
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Ra
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Sun God
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Cow Goddess
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Mother/Earth
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Archaic Egypt
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• 3100-2686 BCE
• See the rise of Dynasty/Kingdom • Centralized Government • Upper and Lower are Unified • King Menes |
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Narmer Palette
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~Archaeological object that tells us that he unified Upper and Lower Egypt and King Menes did it
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Politics in Archaic Egypt
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~Capital is Memphis
~King is seen as a god but not a god because he is mortal ; he is seen as a mediator al was Memphis |
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What did the Capital do?
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○ Collect and Distributes taxes
○ In-charge of cosmic order |
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Fortresses of the Gods
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: a square fortress that has flags of all the Gods and Goddesses going around it with a mound and fetish in the middle.
○ Special Ceremonial Buildings ○ Flags were different Gods and Goddesses ○ Made out of mud bricks ○ Meant here at certain times of the year ○ Rituals of animal and human(mainly slaves) scarifies where probably done here; Violence was seen as domination |
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Villages had shrines and temples in Archaic Egypt
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• Square with half domed structure in the back
• Mound in the middle with flag • Had a fetish • Two flags in the frond • Priest • Rituals of food and Clothing that the priest got. |
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Gods and Goddesses of Archaic Egypt
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1) Wadjet & Nekhbet
2) Seshat 3) Ptah 4) Horus 5) Ra 6) Neith |
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Wadjet & Nekhbet
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Protect the King
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Seshat
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Goddess of Writing
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Ptah
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God of the capital
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Horus
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a. Falcon Headed
b. Close God to King c. Represents King |
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Ra
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God of Heliopolis
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Neith
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Goddess of Hunting and Warfare
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Heliopolis
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Sun City
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Funerary Practices of the Archaic Period
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• Tombs designed to be like houses
○ Like mastaba but had multiple rooms ○ Food Offerings ○ Complicated ○ Rise of the Royal Tomb complex* ○ Household servants where buried with the king; about 1300 |
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Why did funerary practices in the archaic period become complicated
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~Mummification
~Painted faces so the dead could get back in the right body ~Wooden sarcophagus |
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What was the importance of the rise of the tomb complex?
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Lead to the formation of pyraimids
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Old Kingdom
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• 2686-2181 BCE
• Solid unified force • King = God on Earth but still not worshiped ~Rise of Deification mythology • More Powerful King; But worried about keeping power from family so he gave land to them. • Large Bureaucracy |
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What happens to the King of Egypt when he dies in the old kingdom?
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becomes a God that sails through the heavens
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Old Kingdom Religion
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Divided Egypt into 44 Nomes/Districts; Each Nome was assigned a god and a priest
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Most important nomes of the New Kingdom
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i. ~Thermopolis
ii. Thebes iii. Memphis iv. Heliopolis |
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The nomes Cosmogony
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All similar but had different location of the sacred hill
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Axis Mundi
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The center of Earth
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Most dominant religious form was the worship of the old kingdom
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The sun god ( RA) and his solar circuit.
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What did the Egyptians value the most?
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Order
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MA'AT
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○ MA'AT was the Goddess of order
○ Egyptians where obsessed with keeping order ~The basic level of order was keeping the sun coming up every day |
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First Pyramid Text Showed up ?
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~Old Kingdom
~2500 BCE • Purpose was to aid the dead person in the afterlife • Early version of the book of the dead |
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Osiris Mythology
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• Son of NŪT (Sky) Goddess and GEET(Earth)God
• Sister and Wife Isis • Brother Seth • Son Horus |
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What type of myth is the story of Seth and Osiris and is purpose?
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~This store is an Aetiological Myth
○ Purpose of Myth was the Ritual/Magical Knowledge and the Morality (42 negative Confessions) |
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What does Aetiological Myth do?
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Explains the origins of something
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