Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
82 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What were lauds policies |
Many traditional features of Catholicism- beauty of holiness + book of sports 1633- punished those who refused beauty of holiness through high courts |
|
|
Why in 1625 were there growing divisions within the church |
Arminianism promoted beauty of holiness + followed traditional catholic beliefs Puritans opposed this- wanted to purify services + concerned for people’s moral improvements |
|
|
How did laud promote the beauty of holiness |
Communion table moved to the east end of congregation + was railed off Stained glass windows |
|
|
How did those measures anger puritans |
Beauty of holiness stressed outward form of worship Book of sports 1633 |
|
|
Why were lauds reforms welcomed in the beginning |
Imposed fewer demands on those who attended Sunday services + approved the reduction in the number of sermons (pop with puritans too) |
|
|
How did laud enforce these measures |
Visitations by agents of bishops + records personally reviewed by CI + laud Also made use of church high courts; high court commission to punish those who refused laudanism |
|
|
Opposition to laud? |
Many Puritan clergy unable to accept changes- from 1633 thousands of clergy emigrated to America Many gentry opposed lauds actions = 1637 case of prynne bastwick and burton Developments in Scotland |
|
|
What was the case of prynne burton and bastwick |
Middle professional charged with smuggling anti Arminianism books from abroad- sentenced to have their ears mutilated + imprisoned Many believed this was too harsh |
|
|
What did the years 1640-62 mean for the church |
Saw virtual destruction of the church as centre of religious life |
|
|
What measures were introduced in 1643 to reform the church |
Office of bishop to be abolished in favour of Presbyterian form of gov Book of common prayer was banned and replaced by directory of worship 1650 toleration act ended compulsory attendance at national church services |
|
|
What did the changes of Ps reordering if the church of 1643 bring about |
Bishops being abolished meant that church was carried out by organisations of deacons+ local elders Thousands of parish priests expelled from their homes + many bishops imprisoned or exiled |
|
|
Cromwellian church of 1653-60 main aims |
Religious and social reformation by establishing godly rule + improvements in public morality on lines suggested by puritans |
|
|
What did the instrument of gov in 1653 allow? |
Granted liberty of worship to all except catholics and extreme Protestant sects |
|
|
What did 1660-2 mean for the church |
Restoration of Anglican Church 1660 |
|
|
What did the declaration of Breda entail |
CII favoured religious toleration for non conformists and catholics |
|
|
What did CII and his chief minister Clarendon want for the church |
To broaden church to accommodate Protestant groups that emerged after CW |
|
|
What happened at the 1661 Savoy House Conference |
Members of Cavalier P opposes toleration offered by Breda |
|
|
What did the cavalier P offer instead |
Clarendon code |
|
|
What were the 4 acts of the Clarendon code |
- corporation act 1661 which required all local gov to be members of Anglican Church - act of uniformity 1662 which made book of common prayer compulsory in all churches - under conventicle act 1664 made religious meetings of 5+ illegal - five mile act which meant clergymen that had been expelled from parish for refusing to conform to act of uniformity could not go 5 miles of their former parish |
|
|
What were the 4 acts of the Clarendon code |
- corporation act 1661 which required all local gov to be members of Anglican Church - act of uniformity 1662 which made book of common prayer compulsory in all churches - under conventicle act 1664 made religious meetings of 5+ illegal - five mile act which meant clergymen that had been expelled from parish for refusing to conform to act of uniformity could not go 5 miles of their former parish |
|
|
What did the act of uniformity 1662 and 5 mile act 1665 mean for clergy |
2000 clergy deprived of their livings for refusing the act of uniformity 1662 thus many moved to America |
|
|
What were the 4 acts of the Clarendon code |
- corporation act 1661 which required all local gov to be members of Anglican Church - act of uniformity 1662 which made book of common prayer compulsory in all churches - under conventicle act 1664 made religious meetings of 5+ illegal - five mile act which meant clergymen that had been expelled from parish for refusing to conform to act of uniformity could not go 5 miles of their former parish |
|
|
What did the act of uniformity 1662 and 5 mile act 1665 mean for clergy |
2000 clergy deprived of their livings for refusing the act of uniformity 1662 thus many moved to America |
|
|
Where was Puritan opposition under CI the strongest |
London+ provinces in east Anglia but not often expressed openly as puritans were politically conservative and had much to loose opposing the king |
|
|
What were the 4 acts of the Clarendon code |
- corporation act 1661 which required all local gov to be members of Anglican Church - act of uniformity 1662 which made book of common prayer compulsory in all churches - under conventicle act 1664 made religious meetings of 5+ illegal - five mile act which meant clergymen that had been expelled from parish for refusing to conform to act of uniformity could not go 5 miles of their former parish |
|
|
What did the act of uniformity 1662 and 5 mile act 1665 mean for clergy |
2000 clergy deprived of their livings for refusing the act of uniformity 1662 thus many moved to America |
|
|
Where was Puritan opposition under CI the strongest |
London+ provinces in east Anglia but not often expressed openly as puritans were politically conservative and had much to loose opposing the king |
|
|
How did the imposition of Arminianism limit Puritan opposition |
-Puritan books + leaflets were censored -preaching on predestination was banned -Puritan preaches were no longer financed by town councils/ individuals |
|
|
What were the 4 acts of the Clarendon code |
- corporation act 1661 which required all local gov to be members of Anglican Church - act of uniformity 1662 which made book of common prayer compulsory in all churches - under conventicle act 1664 made religious meetings of 5+ illegal - five mile act which meant clergymen that had been expelled from parish for refusing to conform to act of uniformity could not go 5 miles of their former parish |
|
|
What did the act of uniformity 1662 and 5 mile act 1665 mean for clergy |
2000 clergy deprived of their livings for refusing the act of uniformity 1662 thus many moved to America |
|
|
Where was Puritan opposition under CI the strongest |
London+ provinces in east Anglia but not often expressed openly as puritans were politically conservative and had much to loose opposing the king |
|
|
How did the imposition of Arminianism limit Puritan opposition |
-Puritan books + leaflets were censored -preaching on predestination was banned -Puritan preaches were no longer financed by town councils/ individuals |
|
|
Instances of open opposition to laudianism |
-1633 puritans in St. George’s unsuccessfully tried to use courts to oppose railing off of the alter -1638 John lilburne whipped through the streets in London for distributing anti laud pamphlets Open opposition was rare however- general acceptance during 1630s |
|
|
What’s up with emigration |
Estimated 80,000 puritans emigrated in 1630s With breakdown of CI authority after rebellion of Presbyterian Scots in 1637 puritans began to return home P opposition in 1640 when CI recalled P led by Puritan John pym |
|
|
CI policies in Scotland |
1633 during visit to Scotland CI announced intention to replace Scottish prayer book to common prayer book thus religious conformity in Scotland and England |
|
|
CI policies in Scotland |
1633 during visit to Scotland CI announced intention to replace Scottish prayer book to common prayer book thus religious conformity in Scotland and England |
|
|
What did the common prayer book incident lead to in Scotland |
Scottish Presbyterians regarded this as a threat to their independence and were prepared to resist the policy |
|
|
CI policies in Scotland |
1633 during visit to Scotland CI announced intention to replace Scottish prayer book to common prayer book thus religious conformity in Scotland and England |
|
|
What did the common prayer book incident lead to in Scotland |
Scottish Presbyterians regarded this as a threat to their independence and were prepared to resist the policy |
|
|
What did CI policy in Scotland result in |
Scottish rebellion of 1637 as on 23rd July laudian prayer book read for first time sparked widespread opposition |
|
|
CI policies in Scotland |
1633 during visit to Scotland CI announced intention to replace Scottish prayer book to common prayer book thus religious conformity in Scotland and England |
|
|
What did the common prayer book incident lead to in Scotland |
Scottish Presbyterians regarded this as a threat to their independence and were prepared to resist the policy |
|
|
What did CI policy in Scotland result in |
Scottish rebellion of 1637 as on 23rd July laudian prayer book read for first time sparked widespread opposition |
|
|
What was the Scottish rebellion aims |
Withdraw laudian prayer book + cease meddling in what they regarded as their area of influence |
|
|
CI policies in Scotland |
1633 during visit to Scotland CI announced intention to replace Scottish prayer book to common prayer book thus religious conformity in Scotland and England |
|
|
What did the common prayer book incident lead to in Scotland |
Scottish Presbyterians regarded this as a threat to their independence and were prepared to resist the policy |
|
|
What did CI policy in Scotland result in |
Scottish rebellion of 1637 as on 23rd July laudian prayer book read for first time sparked widespread opposition |
|
|
What was the Scottish rebellion aims |
Withdraw laudian prayer book + cease meddling in what they regarded as their area of influence |
|
|
What happened in 1638 in Scotland |
National covenant signed by 300,000 clergy in protest of CI actions |
|
|
CI policies in Scotland |
1633 during visit to Scotland CI announced intention to replace Scottish prayer book to common prayer book thus religious conformity in Scotland and England |
|
|
What did the common prayer book incident lead to in Scotland |
Scottish Presbyterians regarded this as a threat to their independence and were prepared to resist the policy |
|
|
What did CI policy in Scotland result in |
Scottish rebellion of 1637 as on 23rd July laudian prayer book read for first time sparked widespread opposition |
|
|
What was the Scottish rebellion aims |
Withdraw laudian prayer book + cease meddling in what they regarded as their area of influence |
|
|
What happened in 1638 in Scotland |
National covenant signed by 300,000 clergy in protest of CI actions |
|
|
What was the result of the national covenant |
As CI was determined to crush this Scottish opposition it lead to the bishops wars |
|
|
Why did religious radicalism grow under CI |
The Scottish rebellion weakened CI authority over the church and state- key factor in leading to CW |
|
|
Why were the Quaker’s the most significant group that developed in the 1650s |
By late 1650s movement grew to around 50,000 members Before 1660 movement was willing to use direct political action including willingness to use violence |
|
|
Why were there fears of quakers |
1658 political order broke down following Cromwell’s death- numbers increased Chief patron army general lambert became more influential |
|
|
What did the restoration mean for dissenting groups |
Restoration seen as a way of reinforcing order + removing threat of military dictatorships under lambert (supported by quakers) by political elite |
|
|
Persecution of dissenters under CII |
CII approach fluctuated depending how far the groups threatened religious order |
|
|
What was CII strong action against dissenters |
Conventicle act + 5 mile act |
|
|
What was the conventicle act 1664 |
Religious meetings of 5+ people who were not Church of England were forbidden Initial punishment was a fine and the third occasion could result in deportation |
|
|
How did anglicans take the declaration of indulgence of 1687 |
Saw it as a threat to the position of the Church of England thus did not carry out its terms |
|
|
What was the second declaration of indulgence issued in 1688 |
JII ordered it to be read in all churches |
|
|
Why was there backlash to the second declaration of 1688 |
Many dissenters believed real intention was to favour catholics Thus may be one of the causes for GR |
|
|
Catholic question 1625-88 |
Only made up 2-5% of population but were subjected to several penal laws = fined heavily for failing to attend Anglican services + banned from holding military/political office These laws not enforced rigorously, many lived in harmony |
|
|
Catholic influence of CI court |
-lauds reforms regarded as catholic jives -queen Henrietta Maria = ardent catholic who openly attended mass + strong influence in CI -Catholicism became popular at court as many privy council identified as catholic -increased catholic influence at court coincided with personal rule |
|
|
Catholics under Cromwell |
Very little active hostility toward catholics although anti catholic laws were not repealed Cromwell did not carry out any persecution However did use general fear to promote republican virtues |
|
|
Anti catholic sentiment 1660-88 |
CII Catholic wife came to England with 30 catholic priests + helped to re-establish catholic influence at court |
|
|
Why was CII french alliance 1670 significant |
Formed alliance with the french against Protestant Dutch |
|
|
What did the french alliance result in |
Third Dutch war 1672-4 which many MPs used to attack catholic influence at court |
|
|
What was the Test Act 1673 |
Excluded catholics from military + civil office Resulted in JII the duke of York at the time resigning from his military command |
|
|
What was the 2nd conventicle act 1670 |
Limited further meetings of religious gatherings not related to Church of England CII even removed some JPs deemed too lenient in acting the conventicle |
|
|
What was the Popish plot of 1678 |
Titus Oates claimed at plot organised by Jesuits to murder CII and place JII on the throne + restore Catholicism to England Became sensational, even implicated the queen |
|
|
Role of political elite in religious persecution |
CII always intended to create a more comprehensive church + did not seek to have conventicle act renewed thus it expired 1688- allowing non conformists to meet freely Majority of country gentry were against greater freedom for dissenters |
|
|
Why was general dissent in urban areas |
London= 500,000 by 1668 More likely to be ruling elite with shared ideas + sympathy for non conformists |
|
|
Why did non conformity grow during interregnum |
Protected non conformists from persecution |
|
|
Quaker’s under CII |
Harsher as CII ruled Quaker act 1662 |
|
|
What was the Quaker act of 1662 |
Required Quaker’s to take oath of allegiance to the king - Quaker religious convictions prevented them from doing so thus they were subject to increasing intense persecution Many Quaker’s imprisoned- over 400 dying during their confinement |
|
|
Religion under JII |
Strong supporter of religious toleration Promoted religious freedom in America = his friend a prominent Quaker William ren which he helped to establish Quaker colony in Pennsylvania |
|
|
How did JII promote toleration |
Declaration of indulgence 1687 |
|
|
What did the declaration of indulgence of 1687 do |
Freed catholics + non conformists from religious restrictions |
