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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Historical Jesus/Christ
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Jesus-walked around getting everyone stirred up, teacher, life: Christ-used more for church, theological term for what christians believe about church, figure of salvation--Scholarly view. Christians say Jesus Christ, one in the same
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Reasons for hostility to teachings
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1st account of opposition-from the leaders of His Jewish Community, he had certain claims that went v. Orthodox jews
1. the ability to claim and forgive sins-often coupled with his ability to physically heal 2. approach He took to the Torah/Torah Law-set aside this law in favor of other considerations ex-ethical-do work on sabbath when it is for good-gathering grain on sabbath 3. claim of divinity |
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Golden Rule/"loving kindness"
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golden-do unto others... Jew leaders- sum of law as LK-rabbinic teaching: Jesus teaching of ethical concerns not that diff from jews
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Claim to Divinity
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In John, Christ claims his divinity, however in the other gospels he answers accusations and questions with questions, or very vaguely: much more subtle claim in synoptic gospels
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Synoptic Gospels
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Matt, Mark, Luke, NOT John
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Jesus and Prophets
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Jesus teachings-still in continuum with the Torah: used prophets in teachings and quoted them. ethical points of law emphasized. prophets-condemned social corruption-exploitation of poor, difference in classes, etc. speaks about judgement day a lot
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Last Supper/Communion
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many of C rights connected to accounts in the gospels/acts: there to celebrate passover feast, and it was the last meal that christ had with his disciples: represent this with communion, celebrated as part of liturgy: Catholicism-seen more as a mysticism, actually becomes body and blood: protestantism-act of rememberance
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Disciples/Apostles
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Some D became A: D-followed J while he was alive, honored by church for spreading C in early days: A-spread gospel news
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Easter
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Remember death and resurrection: solemn for his suffering, J fully human: good fri-fasting sun-sometimes sunrise service
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Pentecost
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Rememb. Acts 2: story to define beginning of evangelism/church as org: short time after Death/resurr-Jews celebrate feast, HS descends w/ flames on C's heads-can then speak in native lang of peopl-miracle act: seen as a symbolic cause by Jews, mission of C to evang.
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Trinity
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Father, son, HS-key to C doctrine, still monothe. 3 in 1: part of mystery of trin. Judaism-some understanding of God having diff. aspects
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Gospel Support of Jesus as Messiah
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support that he is Mess, not just Rabbi: To show this...
1. Miracle Stories- all contain these, healing, casting out demons 2. Matt-Connected to house of King David-by Joseph, divine conception?? 3. references in scripture (OT)-psalms, isaiah, zaccariah- through out life of J: shown in Matt alot |
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Persecutions
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2 types-early relig. & big ones by Rome-profound/widespread. caused by
1. rome has state religion-parthenon of Gods-respect was to show their gods sacrifice if you were under them, didnt have to worship their gods though: Jews & C saw this as idolatry so were persecuted 2. Rom feared punishm. bc of above 3. C concerned with soc. equity-washing of feet-threatening to Rome-threatens stability of class in society 4. slander/lies-misunderstanding said C was black magic, cannibalism, orgies, incest |
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acts
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Beginning of Church, miracle stories: HS acts in church: healing sick, raising dead, freed from jail-proof of HS
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Saul/Paul
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same person: most inf. to C under J: persecuted early C, conversion experience, became great leader. martyr. founded church of Rome. wrote most of letters-NT. shook struc. of early church. he and peter-missionaries to early church: gentiles didnt have to become Jew to be a C.
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Constantine
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emperor of Rome: ended persecution (a few in beginning of reign). allowed and protected right to worship of C; moved capital from Rome to Constantinople: Justinian- made C religion of empire
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Organization of the Church
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expanded after Constant; founded upon Rom. secular model or org. diocese- divided into geog. area, over each one a bishop- supported by priests
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pope/bishop of rome
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same thing: believed that authority comes from Peter-1st B or R. Peter-Rock. On this rock I will build my church.
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Council of Nicea
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325-1st council of Bishops: 21 councils total: 1800 bishops invited, 250/300 showed up w/ their priests/ deacons: called by Constant.: formulated Nicean Creed-similar to apostles, just more detailed
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Heresy- Grosticism
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relig. idea-puts you outside of whats acceptable to your faith: orig. dont see themselves as outside, goes v. mainstream so much that kicked out: Gros- dualisitic understanding ex-light dark, good bad, spiritual human-not reconcilable with Jew/C: believe matter/creation bad, J-God wrapped in flesh
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Break between Catholic/Orthodox
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primary problem-authority: Cath auth based in Peter, thought they could make decis. for all of church w/out consulting other leaders (Rome did this)-central issue
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St. Augustine
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his writings shaped cath. church, emphasized human corruption (sin) and need for grace
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Monastic Orders
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The basic definition of a monk or nun is one who leaves worldly life in order to devote themselves to religious seeking. The vows taken by someone entering such an order are traditionally - poverty, chastity, and obedience. Be able to describe some ways in which the convents and monasteries impacted society - ex: scribes in the monasteries copied and protected books and other written works during the "Dark Ages" - also ran schools which educated local children, assisted the poor, took in orphans, and also were a place where almost anyone could go to escape their fate or place in society so long as they were willing to abide by the rules and way of life of the order.
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Nation States & The Church
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Nation-State - definition is the new countries which were developing in Europe which took the place of Roman authority and of the preexisting tribal orders in Europe (before there were kings there were tribes and chieftians). - England, France, Germany, etc -were all solidifying their borders and becoming unified under strong kings in the early Middle Ages. The idea here is that the young nation states of Europe sought the sanction of the church. Most striking was the crowning of Charlemange by Pope Leo in 800. Kings and emperors wished to have divine sanction by getting approval of the Catholic church. That whole situation is an example of the growing influence of the Catholic church in the Middle Ages and the involvement of the Church in politics (and also of secular political influence upon the Church.)
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Factors in Crusades
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1010-1095- 5 things that occured:
1. burned church of holy sepulcher in J by King 2. Jer. conquered by Turks-1st time persecuted in holy land 3. pilgrimage to holy land |
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Elements of Change 1300-1500
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black plague, age of exploration, renaissance-leads us to when we are able to question church
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Martin Luther
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writings about church-selling of indulgences, corruption of clergy, nailed 95 (?) probs to church doors: broke off from church-head of lutheran/protestant movement-Germany
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Council of Trent
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Cath. response to reformation: reforms w/in itself: 18yrs: rejected break in protestantism-addressed corruption
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