Religion Christianity And Islam

Front 1

The new testament, in its first official form, was written

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Greek

Front 2

In Jesus' time, what power controlled Israel?

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Rome

Front 3

Which of the following is a "synoptic" gospel?

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Matthew, Mark, Luke

Front 4

The Jewish monastic community that may have strongly influenced John the Baptist and Jesus was the

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Essenes

Front 5

An essential part of the teachings of Jesus was

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Love one another.

Front 6

Paul preached that a person comes to righteousness with God by

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By acceptance of Jesus Christ as the Savior

Front 7

In 1054, what happened between the Eastern (Greek-speaking) Church and the Western (Latin-speaking) Church?

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The Great Schism; they split up

Front 8

The Christian bishop of North Africa who his Confessions and influenced medieval Christianity was

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Augustine

Front 9

Which of the 4 Gospels was written last, and contains the most developed ideas of Jesus as God incarnate, and is not one of the synoptic Gospels?

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John

Front 10

A letter to an early Christian community is called

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an epistle

Front 11

Regarding the mitzvot of Jewish tradition , Jesus taught that

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they could all be reduced to 2 commandments.

Front 12

The major Christian rituals, such as baptism and the Lord's Supper, are often called

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sacraments

Front 13

Christianity added its books to those of the Hebrew Bible; the distinctively Christian books are called

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The New Testament

Front 14

What movement, growing after 500 C.E. in Europe, helped spread Christianity widely throughout Europe?

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monasticism

Front 15

In 1517, Martin Luther posted these demands for reformon the door of the main church in Wittenburg, Germany

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95 Theses

Front 16

The founder of the church of England was

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Henry VIII

Front 17

the Protestant sect characterized by emotional forms of worship such as fainting and "Speaking in tongues" is known as

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Pentecostalism

Front 18

In 313 the Emperor Constantine published an Edict of Toleration which allowed

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Christians to worship publicly

Front 19

Christianity first spread in

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the Mediterranean Region

Front 20

The history of the early Christian Church is found in what biblical book?

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Acts

Front 21

The military movements that aimed at recapturing the Holy Land during the medival period wer known as?

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the Crusades

Front 22

The person whose Rule for Monks helped organize and spread Western monasticism was

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Benedict

Front 23

A prominent medieval female Christian mystic was

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Theresa of Avila

Front 24

The view that the end of the world is near is called

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apocalyptism

Front 25

Christianity grew out of

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Judaism

Front 26

The branch of Protestantism that emphasizes pacifism and silent worship are the

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Society of Friends (Quakers)

Front 27

Jesus died at the time of this religious festival

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Passover

Front 28

LIterally, "gospel" means

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good news

Front 29

The primary language that Jesus spoke was

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Aramaic

Front 30

The oldest of the gospels is generally thought to be

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Mark

Front 31

Which of the following is not one of the five pillars of Islam?

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umma

Front 32

The collection of the sayings and the actions of Prophet Muhammad are called the

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Hadiths

Front 33

In Islam, the sin of identifying any part of of creation with the Creator Allah is called

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shirk

Front 34

Islam particularly stresses

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oneness of God

Front 35

Muhammad was born and raised in

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Mecca

Front 36

Allah literally means

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The God

Front 37

Observant Muslims do not allow

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alcohol

Front 38

Which of the following is not typical of Islam?

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belief in a Trinity

Front 39

Islam particularly stresses

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oneness of God

Front 40

Muhammad was born and raised in

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Mecca

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Allah literally means

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The God

Front 42

Observant Muslims do not allow

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alcohol

Front 43

Which of the following is not typical of Islam?

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belief in a Trinity

Front 44

The phrase "Five Pillars of Islam" refers to

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essentials of Muslim belief and practice

Front 45

Islam and Judaism are similar in that they both

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make use of circumcision

Front 46

Muslims trace themselves back ultimately to what great patriarch?

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Abraham

Front 47

The islamic month of fasting is called

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Ramadan

Front 48

The islamic day of public group prayer is

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Friday

Front 49

The 8th century woman mystic who stated that she was worship God out of love for Him, and not out of "Fear" of punishment or hope of reward in the afterlife was

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Rabia

Front 50

The branch of Islam that is found primarily in Iran and Iraq is

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Shiites

Front 51

In the days before Islam arose, the religions of the Arabian peninsula did not include

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Sikhism

Front 52

The body of Islamic law that guides believers throughout their lives is called the

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sharia

Front 53

The successor to Muhammad , for centuries a political as well as a religious figure, was called

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caliph

Front 54

At the Kaba, what object is venerated?

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meteorite

Front 55

All of the following are part of the context of the rise of Islamic fundamentalism except

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The split between Sunni & Shia Muslims

Front 56

Five Pillars of Islam?

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Shahadah (recite profession of faith), daily prayer (5 times a day), Zakat (charity to the poor), Fasting (observance of Ramadan), The Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in lifetime).

Front 57

Eid ul-Fitr

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big feast holiday that marks the closing of Ramadan

Front 58

Groups angered by Jesus

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Romans, Sadducees, Pharisees, Zealots

Front 59

Two groups that produced tensions between the early church?

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"hellenizers" vs "judaizers"

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"Co-founder" of Christianity

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Paul

Front 61

exemplarism

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emphasis is the moral example of Jesus; his actions towards others as a guide of moral action

Front 62

substitutionism

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is on Jesus as the Cosmic Christ, atoning for the sins of humanity

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T or F: Christianity was decentralized, but eventually adopts Roman model of hierachical organization

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True

Front 64

Icthus

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fish symbol of Jesus

Front 65

date of Church council of Nicea

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325 CE

Front 66

What books did Augustine write?

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Confessions, the City of God, the Trinity

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Forms of Protestantism?

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Lutheranism, Calvinism, Church of England/Anglicanism, Sectarians, Quakers (Society of Friends), Pentecostalists, Methodists, Deism

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Deism

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believe in god but believe that god created universe with certain laws of science from the beginning but believe that once everything was created god no longer had control over what was to happen...

Front 69

the Eucharist

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a reinactment of the last supper of Jesus and all of Humanity

Front 70

Ecumenicism

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looks for common ground among Christians, starts inter-faith dialgue...liberal trend within world religions

Front 71

Liberation Theology

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Social activism against poverty (esp. in Latin America, and among African-American churches in North America)

Front 72

Number of Christian worshippers

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1.6-2.1 Billion worshipers

Front 73

Creation-centered Christianity

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Reappraises the notion of human “dominion” over nature (or stewardship and Nature)

Front 74

What year does Islamic calendar start?

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fight to Medina (the Hijra) 622CE

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“God's Standing Miracle”

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Qu'ran

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What year was the Qu'ran completed?

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656CE

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What year does Muhammad dies?

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630CE

Front 78

Who is mentioned as the second most important prophet in the Qu'ran? Which women is the only one mentioned?

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Jesus and Mary

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taqwah

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stability, protection against the evil consequences of one's conduct

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defintion of Muslims

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those who surrender themselves to God

Front 81

What year was the Qu'ran completed?

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656CE

Front 82

What year does Muhammad dies?

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630CE

Front 83

Who is mentioned as the second most important prophet in the Qu'ran? Which women is the only one mentioned?

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Jesus and Mary

Front 84

taqwah

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stability, protection against the evil consequences of one's conduct

Front 85

defintion of Muslims

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those who surrender themselves to God

Front 86

2 major sins of Islam

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shirk (the lesser but more common sin, associating anything else with divinity except the one God) and kufr (ungratefulness to God, athesism non-exceptable)

Front 87

What does Satan do according to Islam?

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Satan in the Qur'an is the primarily force of evil in the world, he influences people by making them think people can conduct matters on there own, distraction is also an influence of Satan

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dhimmis

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Jews and Christians; protected minorities under Islamic government

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jihad

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"holy struggle”. Greater jihad is the struggle to submit to God, lesser jihad is military action

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Dietary restrictions in Islam

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no pork, no alcohol, however some muslims will eat pork behinds closed doors...prohibition against alcohol is still very strong

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T or F: usury (loaning money at interest) and gambling are allowed in Islam

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False

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Difference between Sunnis and Shias

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Sunnis believe that the traditional order of leadership (with Abu Bakr succeeding Muhammad) was legitimate...about 85% of islamics today...more of the orthedox of the split. Shias believe that leadership succession should be hereditary (thus, for the Shia, the first legitimate Caliph was Ali, the 4th Caliph)

Front 93

Light of Muhammad

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Legitimate succession connected to a God-given spiritual power; passed on to 12 Imams

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Imams

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religious teachers

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Shia Islam popular where?

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Iran, Iraq, Pakistan, Syria

Front 96

The sharia looks primarily to what source?

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Qur'an

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Sufism was a repsonse to what?

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8th/9th century origins; a response to the decadent lifestyle of some Muslims

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Sufi

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“wearer of wool”

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tasawuf

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transparency, clarity

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Dhikr

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rememberance a striving for a constant awareness of the presence of the Divine

Front 101

Dhikr helps to train and discipline the blank to achieve blank

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nafs, fana

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Sufism was a repsonse to what?

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8th/9th century origins; a response to the decadent lifestyle of some Muslims

Front 103

Sufi

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“wearer of wool”

Front 104

tasawuf

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transparency, clarity

Front 105

Dhikr

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rememberance a striving for a constant awareness of the presence of the Divine

Front 106

Dhikr helps to train and discipline the blank to achieve blank

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nafs, fana

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nafs

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lower, bestial self

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fana

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annihilation; a dissolving of the boundary between the self and God

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Influential Persian Sufi saint

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Rumi

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ijtihad

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Emphasis on using God-given reason to interpret the Qur'an and Hadiths, and individual autonomy in interpretation

Front 111

Takfir

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one muslim accusing another muslim of unbelief