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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ulrich Zwingli
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1484-1530s
Was a priest, scolar and swiss patriot Authority of scripture and need to purify Christian worship Basically right after Luthers time God is true, powerful and invisible The supper of the Eucharist is symbolic Bible-is the sole authority, wanted to break up cults of saints and elaborate rituals Anticipating the theology that Calvin will develop Humanist |
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Council of Trent
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1545
Says that because of Adams sin, were all servants of sin Critique of Calvin (Jesus dies for some) In response to protestant reformation and Calvin Infant baptism cleanses against original sin Emphasizes apostolic succession |
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The society of Jesus
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Encouraged to treat themselves well
Learn language and culture and convey gospel Really big on education Battle against protestants Obedience directly to pope Ignatius of Loyola-solider, military, valor ideas, Order that tries to integrate with society Catholic church renounces them |
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Jacob Arminius
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During Calvins time
Amsterdam minister In a state of sin, the free will is not only wouned, but also imprisionsed We can either reject or accept the grace, Christ died for all, grace is offered to all, some people reject Predestination restrains people |
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Synod of Dord
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1619
Compromised of mostly dutch calvinists laid out 5 basic principles for Calvinists Total depravity uncondition election: salvation relies in Gods hand Limited atonement- irresistable grace perserverance of the saints |
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John Locke
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Most influential english philosopher of his day
Worked on Newtonian science Wrote political essays justifying in advance the moderate revolution Argued reason is our best judge Defined latituialism He found a simple faith and moral life impetus of rationalism, everything we need to know arrive at by reason, no theological squabbles |
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John Wesley
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1735
Young english priest, missionary work He founded the Holy Club: dedicated to prayer, bible reading and visiting prisioners Religious doubts tormented him He wanted to marry a woman and she ended up marrying someone else and he denied her communion Baptism provides only an outward sign, not the actual beginning of new life in Christ Important stuff happens after baptism How can God punish you for something you didn't even do? |
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Immanuel Kant
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18 century
Philosopher, sought religion independent of the historical facts about Jesus Raised and educated by Pietists, always had deep admiration for their moral seriousness He said we ought to act virtuously-doing out duty and fullfilling the moral law Historical religion over natural religion Natural religions don't exist, revealed religion have a point support structure. |
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Jonathon Edward
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1700s
Greatest theological genius America produced preacher, led the revival and defended the Great Awakening His own experiences confirm that God is not a monster, he accepts Calvinist ideas Sinners in the hand of the angry God Defended a role of emotion An intellectual preacher |
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Descartes
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mid 1600s
French philosopher We can achieve certain knowledge only if we begin by doubting everything His beliefs posed little threat to traditional theology He still accepts God, 1st modern philosopher. |
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Anabaptists
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Rejected anything not in NT
Protestant faith for salvation South Germany and Swiss anapabtists were the normal ones Munster-rebellion in N. Germany Rejected the state church model Church is just true believers Baptized when they believed Rejected anything not in NT |
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Hegel
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Perhaps one of the centuries greatest philosophers
19th century He wanted to take history more seriously All really has a three stage form-Thinking subject, must have an object to think about, object is part of the experience God reveals himself through the historical process |
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Unitarians
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Willing channing was one of the best leaders of them
1780s-1842 A rational simplicity in theology that still leaves room for reverence for christ and belief in miracles Because it meant to them rationally there must be a God Few in number, no predestination or original sin |
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Neo-patrisic synthesis
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Orthodoxy,
Tradition should dictate the way you read scripture Look to original greek church father |
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Fredrich Schleirmacher
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19th century
grew up in a deeply pious moravian community He didn't want the tangle of history so unravel that Christiantity becomes identifies with barbarianism Matter of feeling Goal was to experience absolute dependence on God Every event is a miracle every feeling is a revelation Romantiscm every religion is different so how could they all point to the same thing? |
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Soren Kirkegard
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Haunted by his father that he had cursed God
3 stages in human life-aesthetic, the ethical, the religious Wrote book, fear and trembling Father of modern existentialism Criticized Hegel He tried to teach Christianity to people who were convinced they were already Christian |
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Karl Barth
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1800s-1900s
Religion is unbelief, our religious ideas are us relying on ourselves He called religion unbelief Truths, but you can't go with everything the bible says He later regretted that he had not made an attack on Nazi anti-semitism more central Had to flee to switzerland Barth was a return to it says what it says |
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Dietrich Bonhoeffer
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1906-45
Tried to follower Barth and his separateion of Christianity from culture and separation Religion has come t mean and individualism that turns away from the world of worry about ones own salvation Nazi Jailers kill himm We don't even have religion anymore in society The bible is a human product Christianity doesn't really speak to most people anymore |
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Rudolph Bultman
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1920s+30s
Theologian from Germany Took a leading role in German theology Used form criticism Hes an existentialism Accept core beliefs of the NT Denied reality of resurrection Doubted we could know very much about Jesus' history |
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Pietism
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Started within the Lutheran churchs in the mid 17th century. He basically said Christianity like the doctrine is focused on tradition and he forgot about the people, its become to formal and lost its way. It doesn't fit the people's needs. He encouraged lay people to be more active and read the bible, bible study groups. Spencer
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Romantiscm
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Falls under liberal protestantism as well, but started in the late 1700s and early 19th century, basically it was a reaction to the enlightenment and formation of reason. And it was based on feeling than rational processes. Scheleinmacher. Feeling, emotion, kinda like the second great awakening in the US. Giving yourself totally to God.
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Puritanism
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Winthrop-First governor of the Massachutes bay colony, their idea was to base Christianity on the bible, society that was pure and wholesome. Very strict formal codes of law, you had to have a religious experience to become a member and then it basically fell apart because people were faking their religious experiences.
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Enlightenment
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Locke-reason alone, whats really important is ethics and moral Christianity, If it can't be proven by reason you have to reject it.
Kant- Descarte-Prove it after you doubt it its correct |
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Liberation Theology
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Guitierez-Christianity is no longer a white western phenomenon, it encompasses everything, including women, blacks and poor people.
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Neo-Orthodoxy
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Barth-Throwing out scripture altogether, christianity is becoming privatized
Bonhoeffer-He says that christ doesn't have any relevance in the modern world |
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Liberal Protestantism
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Very similar to Romantiscm, has to deal with the experience and individual expeience over central doctrine
Kierkengard COmes out of Existentialism |
