Redmond Vocab - Chapter 5, Section 1

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Rome

Back 1

city in the plain of Latium that is made up of 7 hills. It was the most important city in the Roman empire and where a mountain pass was as well as on the banks of the Tiber river.

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Latins

Back 2

group of Indo-European people that came and settled in Italy around 1500-1000 BC and lived in the Plain of Latium. They spoke Latin and were herders and farmers.

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Etruscans

Back 3

one of the two most notable people who settled in Italy after 800 BC.
It was located north of Rome in Etrusa and influenced the early development of Rome.
In 650 BC, they expanded to the rest of Italy and controlled Rome/Latium

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Sicily

Back 4

island south of the Italian Peninsula that was occupied by the Greeks and had much influence on Rome.

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republic

Back 5

form of government in which the leader is not a monarch and certain citizens have the right to vote.
Romans created it in 509 BC.

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Livy

Back 6

Roman historian who in the 1st century BC provided a number of stories to teach the Romans the virtues that would make them great.

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patricians

Back 7

great landowners who became Rome's ruling class
(rich influenced government)

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plebians

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less wealthy landholders, craftspeople, merchants, and small farmers
They were the larger group (out of the patricians/them)

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consuls

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chief executive officer of Rome.
Two were chosen every year to run the government and lead the Roman army into battle

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praetors

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Chief executive officers of Rome who were in charge of civil law (as it applied to Roman citizens).
As Roman territory was expanded, more were added

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Senate

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select group of 300 patricians who served for life.
At first, they only advised government officials, which still had a great importance.
Later, in the 3rd century BC, they had the force of the law.

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centruiate assembly

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most important people's assembly in Rome.
They elected the chief officials (consuls/praetors) and passed laws.
It was organized by classes based on wealth - the wealthy people had the power

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council of the plebs

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popular sasembly for plebians only.
It was created in 471 BC and its leader was the tribunes of the plebs.
They tired to get rights for the lower classes (so they wouldn't rebel) and in 287 BC, they received the right to pass rights for all Romans.

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tribunes of the plebs

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people given power to protect the plebians and in charge of the council of the plebs

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Twelve Tables

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Rome's first code of laws that was adopted in 450 BC. It was the product of simple farming society and later proved inadequate, so the Romans developed a more sophisticated system of law from it (for citizens).

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Law of Nations

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Romans came to identify as natural law or universal law.
It allowed them to establish standards of justice that applied to all people.
Some of the things included:
Regarded as innocent until proven guilty; if you're accused of wrongdoings, allowed to defend yourself in front of a jury; and the judge was expected to weigh evidence carefully before arriving at a decision.

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Carthage

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founded in 800 BC on the coast of North Africa by the Phoenicians.
It created an enormous the western Mediterranean.
They controlled northern Africa, southern Spain, Sardinia, Corsica, and western Sicily by the 3rd century BC.
It was the the richest and largest state in the area.

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Hannibal

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greatest of the Carthaginian generals.
He was the person who struck back against the Spanish revolt and began the Second Punic War, which lasted from 218 - 201 BC.
Later, he decided to attack the Romans.

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Alps

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mountains north of Italy which Hannibal had to cross to fight the Romans. However, this killed a lot of his army, but the remaining still fought.