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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Carrusa
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a heavily, wheeled plow with an iron plowshare that could easily turn over heavy clay soils
6-8 oxen were needed to pull it |
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manor
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an agricultural estate run by a lord and worked by peasants
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Serfs
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free peasants who were legally bound to the land of a manor
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Venice
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city in Italy that emerged at the end of the 8th century as a town with close trading tries to the Byzantine Empire
it developed a mercantile fleet (trading ships) and became a major trade center by the end of the 10th century |
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Flanders
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towns in northern Europe (present-day Belgium and northern France) that was known for their high-quality cloth
trading cities like Venice ideal center of trades of northern Europe from England, Scandinavia, France, and Germany |
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money economy
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an economic system based on money, rather than barter
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commercial capitalism
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an economic system in which people invested in trade and goods in order to make profits
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bourgeoisie
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merchants and artisans of cities that were a part of a castle on a trade route for protection
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patricians
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members of the wealthiest and most powerful families
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guilds
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craftspeople organized into this (came in the 11th century)
had leading role in economic life examples = tanners, carpenters, and bakers separate guilds were created for specialized groups like silk, spices, wool, and money (banks) |
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apprentice
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person who wanted to learn a trade first was this (usually started around age 10) - they were training to be a master crafts person
they weren't paid, but they got room and board for their services after 5-7 years, they became journeymen |
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journeymen
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craftsmen who worked for wages for other masters
training to become a master |
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masterpiece
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a finished piece of a person's craft
it was created by a journeyman (usually) to become masters these allowed guilds to judge journeymen |
