Recorded Detail

Front 1

Recorded detail is the ____________ with which anatomical structures are displayed on an image receptor.

Back 1

Sharpness

Front 2

Recorded detail may be described as the __________ of part being radiographed.

Back 2

Geometric Representation

Front 3

Recorded Detail can also be used interchangeably with words such as:

Back 3

Detail Sharpness, Definition, or Image Resolution.

Front 4

The term "recorded detail" refers to the _______ or _________, with which a radiographic image is rendered,

Back 4

Clarity or Resolution

Front 5

There are _____ major factors that control or influence Recorded Detail they are:

Back 5

5, OID, SID, F.S.S., Film Screen Combination, Motion

Front 6

OID-Object to Image Distance influences recorded detail in 3 ways.

Back 6

1.)Creates Distance from the anatomical part being imaged to IR (usually film) `

2. To reduce pneumbra the shortest possible distance should be used.

3. Increased OID causes magnification of the image. resulting in LOSS of recorded detail.

Front 7

SID-Source to Image Distance

Back 7

1. Distance from the source of radiation ( usually anode in the x-ray tube) to the Image Receptor (usually film)

2. Longest Practical SID should be used

3. Shorter SID causes magnification of the image resulting in loss of Recorded Detail.

Front 8

C. Focal Spot Size

Back 8

1. Use small focal spot whenever possible.

2. Use of large focal spot causes unsharpness of

recorded detail.

3. Unsharpeness is caused by x-rays emanating from a larger area of the anode; accentuates beam divergence.

Front 9

D. Film-Screen Combination

Back 9

1. Slower Speed Films results in greater sharpness of R.D.

2. Use of faster speed film-screen results in less sharpness.

3. Film screen speed primarily affected by size of phosphor crystals in the active layer of the intensifying screen and, to a lesser degree, the size of the silver bromide crystals in the emulsion of the film.

A) Larger of the crystals, the poorer the detail

B) The smaller of the crystals, the greater the recorded detail.

Front 10

E. Motion

Back 10

1. Any motion results in image blur and subsequent loss of recorded detail.

2. Motion may be caused by

a. Patient motion

b. X-ray Tube Motion

c. Excessive motion from reciprocating grid

Front 11

DISTORTION

Back 11

a. Any misrepresentation of an anatomic structure on an image receptor that alters it's size or shape.

b. Two types of distortion: Size and Shape

Front 12

Factors Controlling Distortion

Back 12

A. Size

1. Magnification

2. Caused by excessive OID

3. Caused by insufficient SID

4. Causes anatomic structure to appear larger on film than in reality

Front 13

Factors Controlling Distortion

Back 13

B. Shape

1. Elongation

2. Foreshortening

Front 14

Elongation

Back 14

a.) causes anatomic structure to appear longer than in reality

b.) caused by improper tube, part, or film angulation or alignment

c. Caused by angulation along the long axis of the part

Front 15

Foreshortening

Back 15

a.) causes anatomic structure to appear shorter than in reality

b.) Caused by improper tube, part, or film angulation

c.) Caused by angulation against the main axis of the part

Front 16

Summary

Front 17

Recorded Detail refers to the _______ of structural detail borders

Back 17

Sharpness

Front 18

Other terms that refer to recorded detail are:

Back 18

resolution, clarity, definition, sharpeness

Front 19

Recorded detail is measured in with a resolution test pattern and is expressed in

Back 19

lp/mm (line pairs per millimeter)

Front 20

Recorded detail is affected by a number of factors, some influence the ________ of the image and some influence it's ___________ qualities

Back 20

Geometry, photographic

Front 21

Anything that affects density or contrast

Back 21

affects visibility of detail

Front 22

Distortion relates to the size and shape of the image

Back 22

compared to the actual size and shape of the object

Front 23

When describing distortion terms like

Back 23

magnification, elongation, and foreshortening are used

Front 24

Recorded detail and magnification are

Back 24

inversely proportional

Front 25

EX: recorded detail increases as

Back 25

magnification decreases

Front 26

SID and OID regulate

Back 26

magnification and therefore influence the geometric properties, and hence recorded detail, of the radiographic image

Front 27

SID is inversely proportional to

Back 27

magnification

Front 28

Increased SID=

Back 28

Decreased magnification

Front 29

SIS is directly related to

Back 29

recorded detail

Front 30

Increased SID=

Back 30

Increased Recorded Detail

Front 31

OID is directly related to

Back 31

magnification

Front 32

Increased OID=

Back 32

Increased magnification

Front 33

OID inversely proportional to

Back 33

Recorded Detail

Front 34

Increased OID=

Back 34

Decreased recorded detail

Front 35

Motion is

Back 35

the greatest advesary of recorded detail

Front 36

Voluntaty patient potion can by minimized through

Back 36

good communication, short exposure time

Front 37

Things like sponges, compression bands, tape

Back 37

all help minimize patient motion

Front 38

Equipment motion can also result in loss of

Back 38

recorded detail in the form of image blur

Front 39

Special techniques that introduce motion are sometimes employed to see some structures particularly well

Back 39

Tomography

Front 40

F.S.S affects detail by influencing the

Back 40

degree of pneumbra:Increased F.S.S.=increased pneumbra=decreased detail

Front 41

Pnuembra is directly related to

Back 41

Focal spot size and OID, and inversely proportional related to SID

Front 42

The use of a small focal spot improves

Back 42

recorded detail but generates more heat at the ANODE

Front 43

The "effective" or "projected" focal spot size is always smaller than the

Back 43

Actual focal spot according to the LINE FOCUS PRINCIPLE

Front 44

Effective focal spot size varies along the longitudinal axis of the IR

Back 44

being largest at the cathode end and smallest at the anode end of the x-ray beams.

Front 45

Recorded Detail Geometry

Front 46

____Increasing SID

____Decreasing SID

____Increasing OID

____Decreasing OID

Back 46

+

-

-

+

Front 47

___increasing focal spot size

____decreasing Focal spot size

Back 47

-

+

Front 48

Film/screeen combination

______increasing film/screen speed

______decreasing film/screen speed

______good film/screen contact

______poor film/screen contact

Back 48

-

+

+
_

Front 49

Motion

____increasing motion

____decreasing motion

Back 49

-

+

Front 50

Size Distortion

____increasing SID

_____decreasing SID

_____increasing OID

_____decreasing OID

Back 50

_

+

+

_

Front 51

Shape Distortion

____improper central ray alignment

____improper anatomical part alignment

_____improper IR alignment

_____improper direction of central angle

_____improper degree of central ray angle

Back 51

+

+

+

+

+

+

Front 52

Magnification Factor

Back 52

MF=SID/SOD

Front 53

Problem: What is the MF for an object placed 40" from the x-ray source and 40" from the IR

Back 53

SID=80"

SOD=40"

Front 54

The object is 40 inches away from the IR and in ADDITION the tube is 40 aways from the object=

Back 54

80"

Front 55

MF=SID/SOD MF=80/40=

Back 55

2

Front 56

Problem" WHat is the MF if the WIDTH of an object measures 50cm and the radiographic image measures 900mm

Back 56

MF=Image Width/Object WIdth

MF=90/50=1.8

Dont forget to conver mm to cm by multiplying by .1

Front 57

Problem: What is the MF for an abdomen tumor that casts a shadow .8cm wide on an abdomen radiograph that was produced at 200cm and the tumor is located 15cm from the film?

Back 57

SID=200cm

OID=15cm

SID-OID=185cm SOD

SID/SOD 200cm/185cm=1.08

Front 58

Geometric Unsharpness

FSS X OID/SOD

Back 58

Problem" If the SID is 200 cm and the OID is 10cm and the FSS is 2mm what would be the geometric unsharpness?

200cm-10cm=190cm=SOD

10/190=.05 X 2mm=.1