Reading8 Test #2

Front 1

intimacy

Back 1

noun
a state of having a close personal relationship with someone

Front 2

symposium

Back 2

noun
a formal meeting in which people who know a lot about a particular subject have discussions about it [↪ conference]

Front 3

sabotage

Back 3

verb can be noun
to secretly damage or destroy equipment, vehicles etc that belong to an enemy or opponent, so that they cannot be used
妨害する

Front 4

foster

Back 4

verb
1. to help a skill, feeling, idea etc develop over a period of time [= encourage, promote]
2. to take someone else's child into your family for a period of time but without becoming their legal parent [↪ adopt]

Front 5

determine

Back 5

verb
1. to find out the facts about something [= establish]
2. to officially decide something
見つけ出す、決心する

Front 6

faraway

Back 6

adj.
literary a long distance away [= distant]

Front 7

nurture

Back 7

verb
1. to help a plan, idea, feeling etc to develop
2. to feed and take care of a child or a plant while it is growing

Front 8

terrific

Back 8

adj.
informal very good, especially in a way that makes you feel happy and excited [= great]

Front 9

suffocating

Back 9

verb
to die or make someone die by preventing them from breathing
窒息する

Front 10

*dread

Back 10

verb can be noun
to feel anxious or worried about something that is going to happen or may happen

Front 11

intrusive

Back 11

adj.
affecting someone's private life or interrupting them in an unwanted and annoying way

Front 12

intrude

Back 12

verb
to interrupt someone or become involved in their private affairs in an annoying and unwanted way:
立ち入る、邪魔をする

Front 13

annoy

Back 13

verb
to make someone feel slightly angry and unhappy about something [= irritate]

Front 14

withdraw

Back 14

verb
not take part
to stop taking part in an activity, belonging to an organization etc, or to make someone do this

Front 15

cling

Back 15

verb
[always + adverb/preposition] to hold someone or something tightly, especially because you do not feel safe

Front 16

struggle

Back 16

noun
a long hard fight to get freedom, political rights etc

Front 17

subsequently

Back 17

adv.
after an event in the past

Front 18

complement

Back 18

verb can be noun
to make a good combination with someone or something else

Front 19

abandonment

Back 19

noun
abandon - verb: to leave someone, especially someone you are responsible for
放棄

Front 20

pursue

Back 20

verb
to continue doing an activity or trying to achieve something over a long period of time [↪ pursuit]:

Front 21

engulfment

Back 21

noun
engulf - verb: if an unpleasant feeling engulfs you, you feel it very strongly
飲み込み

Front 22

scenario

Back 22

noun
a situation that could possibly happen

Front 23

fetus

Back 23

noun
a baby or young animal before it is born

Front 24

cull

Back 24

verb
to remove
to kill some animals of a group, usually the weakest ones, especially so that the size of the group does not increase too much

Front 25

*prospect

Back 25

noun can be verb
the possibility that something will happen

Front 26

*diminish

Back 26

verb
to become or make something become smaller or less [= reduce]

Front 27

*contemporary

Back 27

adj.
belonging to the present time [= modern]

Front 28

*significant

Back 28

adj.
having an important effect or influence, especially on what will happen in the future [≠ insignificant]

Front 29

*phenomenon

Back 29

noun
something that happens or exists in society, science, or nature, especially something that is studied because it is difficult to understand

Front 30

aggravating

Back 30

verb
to make a bad situation, an illness, or an injury worse [≠ improve]

Front 31

instability

Back 31

noun
when a situation is not certain because there is the possibility of sudden change [≠ stability]

Front 32

predominantly

Back 32

adv.
mostly or mainly

Front 33

imperial

Back 33

adj.
relating to an empire or to the person who rules it

Front 34

quash

Back 34

verb
to officially say that a legal judgment or decision is no longer acceptable or correct [= overturn]

Front 35

*dilemma

Back 35

noun
a situation in which it is very difficult to decide what to do, because all the choices seem equally good or equally bad

Front 36

integrity

Back 36

noun
the quality of being honest and strong about what you believe to be right
誠実、品位

Front 37

intrusion

Back 37

noun
when someone does something or something happens that affects your private life or activities in an unwanted way
侵入

Front 38

ancestry

Back 38

noun
the members of your family who lived a long time ago
of ... ancestry

Front 39

affiliation

Back 39

noun
the connection or involvement that someone or something has with a political, religious etc organization

Front 40

diaspora

Back 40

noun
the movement of the Jewish people away from ancient Palestine, to settle in other countries

Front 41

sturdy

Back 41

adj.
an object that is sturdy is strong, well-made, and not easily broken [↪ solid]

Front 42

vanity

Back 42

noun
too much pride in yourself, so that you are always thinking about yourself and your appearance:

Front 43

notable

Back 43

adj.
important, interesting, excellent, or unusual enough to be noticed or mentioned

Front 44

*fervent

Back 44

adj.
believing or feeling something very strongly and sincerely

Front 45

monument

Back 45

noun
a building, statue, or other large structure that is built to remind people of an important event or famous person [↪ memorial]

Front 46

tranquil

Back 46

adj.
pleasantly calm, quiet, and peaceful

Front 47

shimmering

Back 47

verb
to shine with a soft light that looks as if it shakes slightly

Front 48

pilgrims

Back 48

noun
a religious person who travels a long way to a holy place

Front 49

spellbound

Back 49

adj.
extremely interested in something you are listening to

Front 50

*serene

Back 50

adj.
very calm or peaceful

Front 51

itinerant

Back 51

adj.
travelling from place to place, especially to work

Front 52

*inconsolable

Back 52

adj.
so sad that it is impossible for anyone to comfort you

Front 53

widower

Back 53

noun
a man whose wife has died and who has not married again

Front 54

erect

Back 54

verb
to build something such as a building or wall

Front 55

worthy

Back 55

noun
informal someone who is important and should be respected

Front 56

concert

Back 56

noun
people who do something in concert do it together after having agreed on it

Front 57

mausoleum

Back 57

noun
a large stone building made specially to contain the body of a dead person, or the dead bodies of an important family

Front 58

concur

Back 58

verb
to agree with someone or have the same opinion as them

Front 59

draftsmen

Back 59

noun
someone whose job is to draw all the parts of a new building or machine that is being planned

Front 60

*symmetric

Back 60

adj.
noun - symmetry: the quality of being symmetrical

Front 61

harmonious

Back 61

adj.
parts, colours etc that are harmonious look good or work well together

Front 62

synthesis

Back 62

noun
something that has been made by combining different things, or the process of combining things [= combination]
統合

Front 63

minaret

Back 63

noun
a tall thin tower on a mosque, from which Muslims are called to prayer

Front 64

alcove

Back 64

noun
a place in the wall of a room that is built further back than the rest of the wall

Front 65

idyllic

Back 65

adj.
an idyllic place or time is very beautiful, happy, and peaceful, with no problems or dangers
牧歌的な

Front 66

oblong

Back 66

adj.
American English
an oblong shape is much longer than it is wide

Front 67

sacred

Back 67

adj.
relating to a god or religion

Front 68

contemplation

Back 68

noun
quiet, serious thinking about something

Front 69

temporal

Back 69

adj.
related to or limited by time

Front 70

sarcophagi

Back 70

noun
sar‧coph‧a‧gus plural sarcophagi [countable]
a decorated stone box for a dead body, used in ancient times

Front 71

asymmetrical

Back 71

adj.
having two sides that are different in shape
[≠ symmetrical]:

Front 72

crypt

Back 72

noun
a room under a church, used in the past for burying people [↪ vault]

Front 73

incur

Back 73

verb
if you incur a cost, debt, or a fine, you have to pay money because of something you have done, or you do not make money
(費用を)　負担する

Front 74

betray

Back 74

verb
to be disloyal to someone who trusts you so that they are harmed or upset
裏切る、背く

Front 75

bury

Back 75

verb
to put someone who has died in a grave

Front 76

allure

Back 76

noun
a mysterious, exciting, or desirable quality
allure of ~

Front 77

pervasive

Back 77

adj.
existing everywhere

Front 78

incandescent

Back 78

adj.
literary: very bright
it also means very angry

Front 79

inlaid

Back 79

adj.
an inlaid box, table, floor etc has little pieces of another material set into its surface for decoration

Front 80

costliest

Back 80

costly- adj.
very expensive, especially wasting a lot of money

Front 81

*confined

Back 81

adj.
1. be confined to somebody/something
to exist in or affect only a particular place or group
2. a confined space or area is one that is very small

Front 82

*obligation

Back 82

noun
moral or legal duty to do something

Front 83

*space

Back 83

noun
[freedom] the freedom to do what you want or do things on your own, especially in a relationship with someone else:

Front 84

*commitment

Back 84

noun
a promise to do something or to behave in a particular way

Front 85

moron

Back 85

noun
a very offensive word for someone who you think is very stupid [= idiot]

Front 86

*warranty

Back 86

noun
a written agreement in which a company selling something promises to repair it if it breaks within a particular period of time

Front 87

*idealistic

Back 87

adj.
believing that you should live according to high standards and principles, even if they cannot really be achieved, or showing this belief [↪ realistic]

Front 88

*fantasy

Back 88

noun
an exciting and unusual experience or situation you imagine happening to you, but which will probably never happen

Front 89

to brim

Back 89

verb
if your eyes brim with tears, or if tears brim from your eyes, you start to cry

Front 90

recesses

Back 90

noun
a time during the day or year when no work is done, especially in parliament, law courts etc

Front 91

painstaking

Back 91

adj.
very careful and thorough

Front 92

nuance

Back 92

noun
a very slight, hardly noticeable difference in manner, colour, meaning etc [↪ subtlety]

Front 93

ramification

Back 93

noun
an additional result of something you do, which may not have been clear when you first decided to do it [↪ implications]

Front 94

*mutual

Back 94

adj.
mutual feelings such as respect, trust, or hatred are feelings that two or more people have for each other [↪ reciprocal]

Front 95

*status

Back 95

noun
the official legal position or condition of a person, group, country etc [↪ standing]

Front 96

*disposed

Back 96

adj.
to like or approve of someone or something
to have a tendency towards something

Front 97

*ponderously

Back 97

ponderous: adj. ;
1. slow or awkward because of being very big and heavy
2. boring, very serious, and seeming to progress very slowly
重たい、（重々しくて）退屈な

Front 98

*feasible

Back 98

adj.
a plan, idea, or method that is feasible is possible and is likely to work

Front 99

*cultivation

Back 99

noun
the preparation and use of land for growing crops
開墾、（人間関係の）開拓

Front 100

*export

Back 100

verb
to sell goods to another country [≠ import]

Front 101

*gossip

Back 101

noun
information that is passed from one person to another about other people's behaviour and private lives, often including unkind or untrue remarks

Front 102

*image

Back 102

noun
[public opinion] the opinion people have of a person, organization, product etc, or the way a person, organization etc seems to be to the public

Front 103

*mixed blessing

Back 103

noun
良くもあり悪くもあること、痛し痒しのこと

Front 104

*region

Back 104

noun
a large area of a country or of the world, usually without exact limits [= area]

Front 105

*trend

Back 105

noun
a general tendency in the way a situation is changing or developing

Front 106

*ethic

Back 106

noun
a general idea or belief that influences people's behaviour and attitudes

Front 107

*prominent

Back 107

adj.
important

Front 108

*benefited

Back 108

benefit - verb
if you benefit from something or it benefits you, it gives you an advantage, improves your life, or helps you in some way

Front 109

*dominate

Back 109

verb
to control someone or something or to have more importance than other people or things

Front 110

*sympathetic

Back 110

adj.
caring and feeling sorry about someone's problems

Front 111

*gracious

Back 111

adj.
behaving in a polite, kind, and generous way, especially to people of a lower rank

Front 112

*attentive

Back 112

adj.
listening to or watching someone carefully because you are interested [≠ inattentive]

Front 113

*ingenuous

Back 113

adj.
an ingenuous person is simple, trusting, and honest, especially because they have not had much experience of life [↪ disingenuous]

Front 114

*reticent

Back 114

adj.
unwilling to talk about what you feel or what you know [= reserved]
無口な、控えめな

Front 115

*instinct

Back 115

noun
a natural tendency to behave in a particular way or a natural ability to know something, which is not learned [↪ intuition]

Front 116

*acquiesced

Back 116

verb use w/ in, to
to do what someone else wants, or allow something to happen, even though you do not really agree with it

Front 117

*distraught

Back 117

adj.
so upset and worried that you cannot think clearly

Front 118

*rejoice

Back 118

verb
1. literary; to feel or show that you are very happy
2. British English; to have a name or title that is silly or amusing

Front 119

*clasp

Back 119

verb
to hold someone or something tightly, closing your fingers or arms around them [= grip]

Front 120

*desperate

Back 120

adj.
willing to do anything to change a very bad situation, and not caring about danger
絶望的な

Front 121

*impertinence

Back 121

noun
impertinent - adj.
rude and not respectful, especially to someone who is older or more important [= cheeky]:

Front 122

*scorching

Back 122

adj.
extremely hot

Front 123

*prompted

Back 123

verb
to make someone decide to do something
ex:The decision prompted an outcry among prominent US campaigners.

Front 124

*repression

Back 124

noun
when someone does not allow themselves to express feelings or desires which they are ashamed of, especially sexual ones
- used when you think someone should express these feelings:
ex:the repression of desire

Front 125

*reluctant

Back 125

adj.
slow and unwilling
ex: She gave a reluctant smile.

Front 126

*deplore

Back 126

verb
to disapprove of something very strongly and criticize it severely, especially publicly