Reading Vocab

Front 1

Prosper

Back 1

Grow, develop in successful way

Front 2

Halt

Back 2

Stop or pauseau

Front 3

Authority

Back 3

Organization make decision

, has power

Front 4

Recall

Back 4

Similar to

Front 5

Notoriety

Back 5

The state of being famous or well-known for Sth that is bad or people do not approve of

Front 6

Regardless

careless, in any case, despite everything, in spite of everything, even so, nevertheless

Back 6

without being affected or influenced by something

The law requires equal treatment for all, regardless of race, religion, or sex.

Front 7

Social statues

Back 7

Social rank

موقعيت اجتماعي

Front 8

Banned

Back 8

not officially allowed to meet, exist, or be used

Front 9

Came to an end

Back 9

به پايان رسيدن

Front 10

Riddle

Back 10

a question that is deliberately very confusing and has a humorous or clever answer → puzzle

Front 11

Enrole

Back 11

to officially arrange to join a school, university, or course, or to arrange for someone else to do this

I decided to enrol for ‘Art for Beginners’.

Front 12

Honour

Back 12

something that makes you feel very proud

Front 13

Critically

Back 13

Most important , crucially

Front 14

Captive

Back 14

Kept in prison or in a place that you are not allowed to leave

Front 15

Breed

Back 15

If animal breed , they mate in order to have babies

Front 16

Threaten

Back 16

Be likely to cause harm or damage to something or someone

Front 17

Elusive

Back 17

Difficult to find

For me, the poem has an elusive quality.

Species that are otherwise elusive .

Front 18

Derision

Back 18

when you show that you think someone or something is stupid or silly

His speech was greeted with derision by opposition leaders.

مايه تمسخر

Front 19

Sceptical

Back 19

tending to disagree with what other people tell you SYN doubtful.

I’m extremely sceptical about what I read in the press.

Front 20

Rigorous

Back 20

Exact , careful

the rigorous standards required by the college

Front 21

Constitute

Back 21

Failing to complete the work constitutes a breach of the employment contract.

تشكيل شده از

Front 22

Compelling

Back 22

very interesting or exciting, so that you have to pay attention

Front 23

Advocate

موافق

Sceptic

مخالف

Back 23

to publicly support a particular way of doing something

Extremists were openly advocating violence.

Front 24

Detect

Back 24

notice or discover something, especially something that is not easy to see, hear etc

Many forms of cancer can be cured if detected early.

Front 25

Affiliation

Back 25

[countable, uncountable] the connection or involvement that someone or something has with a political, religious etc organization.

the newspaper’s political affiliations

Front 26

Bureaucratic

Back 26

involving a lot of complicated official rules and processes.

The procedure for getting funding approval is so bureaucratic!

Front 27

Abundance

Back 27

A large quantity

This is an abundance of evidence to support the motivational benefits that result from carefully matching people to jobs.

Plentifulness , lavishness

Front 28

Seek

Back 28

To try achieve , try to obtain

Local schools are seeking to reduce the dropout rate.

Front 29

Inconsistent

Back 29

His results are inconsistent with our data.

متناقص

Front 30

Independence

Back 30

self-rule, self-determination

Front 31

Inclosed

Back 31

فاش كردن

Eliminating the secrecy

Front 32

Allocate

Back 32

to use something for a particular purpose, give something to a particular person etc, especially after an official decision has been made.

the importance of allocating resources to local communities

اختصاص دادن

Front 33

Appraisal

Back 33

1 [countable, uncountable] a statement or opinion judging the worth, value, or condition of something.

a critical appraisal of the existing facilities

ارزيابي كردن

Front 34

Promotion

Back 34

Advancement

[countable, uncountable] a move to a more important job or position in a company or organization

ترقي ، پيشرفت

I want a job with good prospects for promotion.

Front 35

Accerelate

Back 35

if a process accelerates or if something accelerates it, it happens faster than usual or sooner than you expect.

measures to accelerate the rate of economic growth

Front 36

Disable

Back 36

to make someone unable to use a part of their body properly

Carter was permanently disabled in the war.

Hint 36

Grammar

Disable is usually passive in this meaning.

Front 37

Civic

Back 37

relating to the people who live in a town or city.

*It is your civic duty to vote in the local elections.

Front 38

Fulfil

Back 38

if you fulfil a hope, wish, or aim, you achieve the thing that you hoped for, wished for etc

* Being deaf hasn’t stopped Karen fulfilling her ambition to be a hairdresser.

Front 39

Relic

Back 39

an old object or custom that reminds people of the past or that has lived on from a past time.

the books and photos, relics of Rob’s university days

Front 40

Relic

Back 40

an old object or custom that reminds people of the past or that has lived on from a past time.

the books and photos, relics of Rob’s university days

Front 41

Diversity

Back 41

Variety

a diversity of opinions

Front 42

Diversity

Back 42

ADJECTIVES

cultural diversity

Cultural diversity is a central feature of modern British society.

ethnic/racial diversity (=including people from many different races)

The school's curriculum reflects the ethnic diversity of its students.

biological diversity (=including many different types of plants and animals)

North Carolina is an area of astonishing biological diversity.

linguistic diversity (=having many different languages)

The islands are well-known for their linguistic diversity.

Front 43

Qualify

Back 43

1 HAVE A RIGHT [intransitive, transitive] to have the right to have or do something, or to give someone this right

Free school lunches are given to children who qualify.

qualify for

You may qualify for unemployment benefit.

qualify somebody/something for something

Membership qualifies you for a discount on purchases.

Front 44

Density

Back 44

the degree to which an area is filled with people or things

density of

the size and density of settlements

areas of high population density

تراكم

Front 45

Sprawl

Back 45

if buildings sprawl, they spread out over a wide area in an untidy and unattractive way

The town seemed to sprawl for miles.

نامنظم پخش شدن

Front 46

Dispersal

Back 46

the process of spreading things over a wide area or in different directions

the role of birds in the dispersal of seeds

پراكندگي

Front 47

Hindrance

Back 47

something or someone that makes it difficult for you to do something.

مانع

Visitors are allowed to wander without hindrance.

Front 48

Halve

Back 48

to reduce something by a half.

Cash cuts have halved the number of places available on training courses.50%

to cut or divide something into two equal pieces

Halve the potatoes lengthwise.

Front 49

Policy

Back 49

Plans , strategy

government policy on higher education

Front 50

Morality

Back 50

beliefs or ideas about what is right and wrong and about how people should behave

sexual morality

public/private/personal morality

the decline in standards of personal morality

The authorities are protectors of public morality.

conventional/traditional morality

a lack of concern for conventional morality

2 the degree to which something is right or acceptable OPP immorality

morality of

a discussion on the morality of abortion

Hint 50

أصول أخلاقيات

Front 51

Literacy

Back 51

the state of being able to read and write OPP illiteracy → numeracy

a new adult literacy campaign

→ computer-literate

سواد

Front 52

Literacy

Back 52

the state of being able to read and write OPP illiteracy → numeracy

a new adult literacy campaign

→ computer-literate

سواد

Front 53

Paternal

Back 53

paternal feelings or behaviour are like those of a kind father towards his children

Dan took a paternal interest in my work.

پدرانه

Front 54

Maternal

Back 54

typical of the way a good mother behaves or feels → paternal

Annie was wonderfully warm and maternal.

She seems to have a strong maternal instinct (=desire to have babies and take care of them).

مادرانه

Front 55

Nourish

Back 55

to give a person or other living thing the food and other substances they need in order to live, grow, and stay healthy

The cream contains vitamin A to nourish the skin.

a well-nourished baby

تغذيه

Front 56

Legitimate

Back 56

Fair, reasonable , acceptable , allowed by law

fair or reasonable

That’s a perfectly legitimate question.

Most scientists believe it is legitimate to use animals in medical research.

2 acceptable or allowed by law

Their business operations are perfectly legitimate

Front 57

Patient

Back 57

Sick person

بيمار

Front 58

Patient

Back 58

Sick person

بيمار

Front 59

Scrutinize

Back 59

to examine someone or something very carefully

He scrutinized the document.

She scrutinized his face.

Front 60

Prescrib

Back 60

1 to say what medicine or treatment a sick person should have → prescription

prescribe somebody something

If these don’t work I may have to prescribe you something stronger.

نسخه داشتن ، تجويز كردن

Front 61

Promotion

Back 61

Encouragement

The positive side of drugs promotion

Front 62

Bully

Back 62

someone who uses their strength or power to frighten or hurt someone who is weaker

Bullies are often cowards.

گردن كلفتي ، قلندري

Front 63

Persistent

Back 63

مداوم ، ماندگار ،

tenacious , determined

usually before noun] continuing to exist or happen, especially for longer than is usual or desirable

persistent rumours

persistent headaches

a persistent problem

persistent rain

Front 64

Substantial

Back 64

large in amount or number SYN considerable OPP insubstantial

We have the support of a substantial number of parents.

a substantial salary

a substantial breakfast

The document requires substantial changes.

Front 65

Applicant

Back 65

demandant

متقاضي

someone who has formally asked, usually in writing, for a job, university place etc → apply

applicant for

Front 66

Incident

Back 66

an event, especially one that is unusual, important, or violent

Am I at risk because of some incident in my sexual past?

Roads were sealed off because of a major incident.

without incident

The plane landed without incident.

Front 67

Transcend

برتري يافتن ، بالاتر بودن

Rise above

Back 67

formal to go beyond the usual limits of something

The desire for peace transcended political differences.

Front 68

Essence

Back 68

the most basic and important quality of something

essence of

The essence of Arsenal’s style of football was speed.

She seems the very essence of kindness (=she seems very kind)

Fundamental , quality

Front 69

Deductive

استنتاج كردن

Back 69

to take away an amount or part from a total SYN subtract

deduct something from something

The payments will be deducted from your salary.

Front 70

Deductive

استنتاج كردن

Back 70

to take away an amount or part from a total SYN subtract

deduct something from something

The payments will be deducted from your salary.

Front 71

Holistic

جامع

Back 71

considering a person or thing as a whole, rather than as separate parts

a holistic approach to design

2 → holistic

Front 72

Inductive

قياسي

Back 72

using known facts to produce general principles

inductive reasoning

2 connected with electrical or magnetic induction

Front 73

Sporadic

پراكنده

گاه و بيگاه

Back 73

happening fairly often, but not regularlySYN intermittent

There has been sporadic violence downtown.

—sporadically /-kli/ adverb

The fighting continued sporadically for several days.

Front 74

hard-ˈwired

Back 74

if an attitude, way of behaving etc is hard-wired, it is a natural part of a person’s character that they are born with and cannot change

The desire to communicate seems to be hard-wired into our brains.

We are hard wired to play it safe

Front 75

Gamble

Back 75

to do something that involves a lot of risk, and that will not succeed unless things happen the way you would like them to

gamble on

They’re gambling on Johnson being fit for Saturday’s game.

Take chance

Front 76

Quintet

Back 76

quin‧tet /kwɪnˈtet/ noun [countable]

1 five singers or musicians who perform together

2 a piece of music written for five performers

پنجگانه

Front 77

Stunned

Back 77

too surprised or shocked to speak

He looked completely stunned.

The audience sat in stunned silence.

Front 78

Pervadive

Back 78

existing everywhere

the pervasive influence of television

the all-pervasive mood of apathy

Front 79

Pervadive

Back 79

existing everywhere

the pervasive influence of television

the all-pervasive mood of apathy

Front 80

Ad vocate

Back 80

to publicly support a particular way of doing something

Extremists were openly advocating violence.

Front 81

Regrettable

Back 81

something that is regrettable is unpleasant, and you wish things could be different SYN unfortunate

This was a very regrettable error.

Front 82

Opt out

Back 82

to avoid doing a duty

of

You can’t just opt out of all responsibility for the child!

2 to decide not to be part of a group or system

of

Britain wants to opt out of the new European regulations.

Front 83

Opt out

Back 83

to avoid doing a duty

of

You can’t just opt out of all responsibility for the child!

2 to decide not to be part of a group or system

of

Britain wants to opt out of the new European regulations.

Front 84

Overbearong

Back 84

always trying to control other people without considering their wishes or feelings SYN domineering

a bossy overbearing wife

Front 85

Opt out

Back 85

to avoid doing a duty

of

You can’t just opt out of all responsibility for the child!

2 to decide not to be part of a group or system

of

Britain wants to opt out of the new European regulations.

Front 86

Overbearong

Back 86

always trying to control other people without considering their wishes or feelings SYN domineering

a bossy overbearing wife

Front 87

Credit

Back 87

Praise , value

Front 88

Revitalizing

Back 88

to make a place, company, economy etc interesting or active again

a plan for revitalizing the nation’s capital

Regenerate , reinvigorate

Front 89

Integrate

Back 89

Combine , merge

Front 90

Marginalization

Back 90

isolate, cut off

to make a person or a group of people unimportant and powerless in an unfair way

Female employees complained of being marginalized by management.

Front 91

Curb

Back 91

to control or limit something in order to prevent it from having a harmful effect

measures to curb the spread of the virus

Front 92

Integrate

Merge , combinr

Back 92

if two or more things integrate, or if you integrate them, they combine or work together in a way that makes something more effective

integrate (something) into/with something

Colourful illustrations are integrated into the text.

Front 93

Intensive

Back 93

involving a lot of activity, effort, or careful attention in a short period of time

a one-week intensive course in English

a day of intensive negotiations

Front 94

Intensive

Back 94

involving a lot of activity, effort, or careful attention in a short period of time

a one-week intensive course in English

a day of intensive negotiations

Front 95

Admission

Back 95

پذيرش

Front 96

Flock

Back 96

Gather , congregate

a large group of people SYN crowd

flock of

a flock of children

Front 97

Veranda

Back 97

Balcony , porch

ايوان

Front 98

Veranda

Back 98

Balcony , porch

ايوان

Front 99

Storey

Back 99

a floor or level of a building

a staircase leads to the upper storey

طبقه

Front 100

Descend

Back 100

formal to move from a higher level to a lower one OPP ascend → descent

Our plane started to descend.

I heard his footsteps descending the stairs.

Go down , sink

Front 101

Banal

Back 101

ordinary and not interesting, because of a lack of new or different ideas SYN trivial

conversations about the most banal subjects

Front 102

Frenetic

Back 102

frenetic activity is fast and not very organized SYN frantic

She rushes from job to job at a frenetic pace.

Front 103

Absurd

Back 103

completely stupid or unreasonable SYN ridiculous

quite/slightly/completely etc absurd

It seems quite absurd to expect anyone to drive for 3 hours just for a 20-minute meeting.

It seems an absurd idea.

Front 104

Escapism

Back 104

activities or entertainment that help you forget about bad or boring things for a short time

Books were a form of escapism from the real world.