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254 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Transient |
گذرا
adjective1 continuing only for a short time •transient fashions 2 working or staying somewhere for only a short time •a transient population—transience noun [uncountable] |
#617 |
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Confounded |
Adjective گیج، سردرگم |
#617 |
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Petition |
Noun دادخواست، عریضه petition for/against •a petition against the new road •They wanted me to sign a petition against experiments on animals. |
#617 |
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Cultivated |
Verb کشت کردن •We cultivated maize and watermelons.
Adj متمدن •a highly cultivated man
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#610 |
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literally |
Adverb دقیقا said I felt like quitting, but I didn’t mean it literally (=I did not mean exactly what I said)! به معنای واقعی کلمه The Olympic Games were watched by literally billions of people. |
#610 |
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Keep out of sth Brought out of sth |
دور نگه داشت بیرون آورد Brought out of jungle. |
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Dawn |
Noun Verb طلوع، The boats set off at dawn.
طلوع کردن، آغاز شدن •The morning dawned fresh and clear after the storm. •The age of Darwin had dawned. |
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Spread out |
پخش شدن، گسترش یافتن، انتشار یافتن phrasal verb •The search party spread out to search the surrounding fields. •Sue spread out her notes on the kitchen table and began to write. |
#610 |
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Intensify |
Verb تشدید کردن •Climate change is intensifying. •In June the civil war intensified. •His mother’s death intensified his loneliness. |
#604 |
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Impact |
Noun Verb اثر تاثیر گذاشتن •We need to assess the impact on climate change. •The recession has impacted the domestic business market. |
#604 |
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Pace |
Noun سرعت •The pace of change in our lives is becoming faster and faster. •You need to step up the pace of your exercises. |
#604 |
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Erosion |
Noun فرسایش، سایش the process by which rock or soil is gradually destroyed by wind, rain, or the sea. •the problem of soil erosion |
#605 |
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Degradation |
noun
۱-حقارت، ۲-تنزل 1 [countable, uncountable] an experience or situation that makes you feel ashamed and angry. •a life of poverty and degradation.
2 [uncountable] the process by which something changes to a worse condition. |
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Altitude |
Noun •We’re flying at an altitude of 40,000 feet. high/low altitudes •At high altitudes it is difficult to get enough oxygen. |
ارتفاع |
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Steady |
adjective 1 CONTINUOUs ۱-مداوم، پی در پی •Paul is making steady progress. a steady rain hold/remain steady
2 NOT MOVING ۲-ثابت، غیر متحرک •Keep the camera steady while you take a picture. |
صفت ۱-مداوم،پی در پی ۲-ثابت |
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Supersonic |
Adj مافوق صوت |
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Subsonic |
Adj مادون صوت |
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Wing |
Noun بال (پرنده، پروانه، هواپیما..) |
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Transonic band |
نوار فراصوتی |
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Demonstrate |
verb1 [transitive] •The study demonstrates the link between poverty and malnutrition. demonstrate that demonstrate how/what/why etc ۱-نشان دادن 2 [intransitive] to protest or support something in public with a lot of other people ۲-تظاهرات کردن •Supporters demonstrated outside the |
۱-نشان دادن ۲- تظاهرات کردن |
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skyrocket |
Verb •skyrocketing inflation. •The Middle East crisis caused oil prices to skyrocket. به سرعت بالا رفتن مثل موشک به هوا پرتاب شدن افزایش سریع قیمت یا میزان یک چیز Skyrocketed Adjective سر به فلک کشیده |
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Stylized |
adjective drawn, written, or performed in an artificial style that does not look natural or real, but that is still pleasant to look at. تلطیف شده، با سبکی خاص •a stylized picture of the sun |
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Prolific |
adjective 1-پربار (هنرمند، ورزشکار) ۲-بارور، حاصلخیز 1 a prolific artist, writer etc produces many works of art, books etc. •Handel’s prolific output of opera.
2 a prolific sports player produces a lot of runs, goals etc. •the most prolific goalscorer this decade.
3 an animal or plant that is prolific produces many babies or many other plants |
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Oversight |
Noun 1-نظارت With government oversight ۲-اشتباه سهوی a mistake in which you forget something or do not notice something •I assure you that this was purely an oversight on my part. |
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marshmallow |
نوعی شیرینی خمیرمانند |
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quotation |
Noun نقل قول |
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Compile |
Verb گردآوری کردن، تالیف کردن، تدوین کردن to make a book, list, record etc, using different pieces of information, music etc → compilation •The document was compiled by the Department of Health. compile something from/for something •The report was compiled from a survey of 5,000 households. |
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Scholar |
محقق، پژوهشگر |
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predecessor |
Noun فرد قبلی، اسبق، قبلی، جد، مدل قبلی noun [countable] 1 someone who had your job before you started doing it. •Kennedy’s predecessor as president was the war hero Dwight Eisenhower.
2 a machine, system etc that existed before another one in a process of development. •The new BMW has a more powerful engine than its predecessor. |
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Implement |
verb [transitive] اجرا، انجام، پیاده سازی to take action or make changes that you have officially decided should happen.
implement a policy/plan/decision etc •We have decided to implement the committee’s recommendations in full. —implementation noun •the implementation of the peace plan |
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Superior |
adjective better, more powerful, more effective etc than a similar person or thing, especially one that you are competing against OPP inferior برتر superior to Your computer is far superior to mine. |
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Struggle |
verb [intransitive] 1 to try extremely hard to achieve something, even though it is very difficult ۱-تقلا کردن، کوشش کردن struggle to do something• She’s struggling to bring up a family alone.
2to fight someone who is attacking you or holding you, especially so that you can escape. ۲-مبارزه کردن struggle with •James was hit in the mouth as he struggled with the burglars. struggle to do something •She struggled to free herself. |
۱- تقلا کردن، کوشش کردن ۲- مبارزه کردن |
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Labour |
noun1 WORK [uncountable] work, especially physical work ۱-کار مخصوصا کار یدی •The garage charges £30 an hour for labour. •Many women do hard manual labour (=work with their hands). •Workers withdrew their labour (=protested by stopping work) for twenty-four hours.→ hard labour
2 WORKERS [uncountable] all the people who work for a company or in a country ۲- کارگر •a shortage of skilled labor •We need to reduce our labour costs. |
۱-کار مخصوصا کار یدی ۲- کارگر |
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Spare |
adjective→ spare key/battery/clothes etc2 NOT USED/NEEDED [usually before noun]. ۱- یدکی، ذخیره (صفت) •Have you got any spare boxes? •You could sleep in the spare bedroom. •Do you have any spare cash? •I’ll go and see if there are any spare seats. → spare time/moment/hour etc
verb [transitive] GIVE to make something such as time, money, or workers available for someone, especially when this is difficult for you to do. ۲- به کسی دادن (زمان، پول، ...)، صرف کردن •Sorry, I can’t spare the time. •I’d like you to come over when you can spare a couple of hours. •Can you spare £5?
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۱- یدکی، ذخیره (صفت) ۲- به کسی دادن (زمان، پول، ...)، صرف کردن |
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equator |
noun→ the equator |
استوا |
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permafrost |
لایه منجمد داخلی اعماق زمین |
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stricken |
مصیبت زده،مبتلا، دچار Panic-stricken وحشت زده |
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analysis and synthesis |
تحلیل و ترکیب |
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Concise |
adjective 1 short, with no unnecessary words SYN brief •Your summary should be as clear and concise as possible. ۱-مختصر،موجز 2 [only before noun] shorter than the original book on which something is based •the ‘Concise Dictionary of Spoken Chinese’—concisely adverb ۲- خلاصه |
1- مختصر، موجز ۲- خلاصه |
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Fallacy |
noun (plural fallacies) [countable] a false idea or belief, especially one that a lot of people believe is true SYN misconception مغلطه، سفسطه، استدلال غلط •It’s a common fallacy that a neutered dog will become fat and lazy. |
مغلطه، سفسطه |
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Spot |
noun [countable] •a nice quiet spot on the beach. •I chose a spot well away from the road. •There was a big damp spot on the wall. ۱-نقطه، مکان، لکه verb (spotted, spotting) [transitive]1 to notice someone or something, especially when they are difficult to see or recognize. •I spotted a police car behind us. •It can be hard for even a trained doctor to spot the symptoms of lung cancer. ۲-متوجه شدن (با دقت) |
۱- نقطه، مکان، لکه (اسم) ۲-متوجه شدن (فعل) |
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self fulfilling prophecy |
پیش گویی خودکامبخش |
فرض خودانجام یا پیش گویی‌هایی که خود را تایید می‌کنند، در آغاز صرفاً یک تعریف و تشخیص نادرست از شرایط هستند.این تعریف و تشخیص‌ها، موجب رفتارها و اقداماتی می‌شوند که در نهایت کمک می‌کنند که پیش بینی‌های اولیه، به واقعیت تبدیل شوند.پیشگو در این حالت، پیشگوییهای روز نخست خود را یادآوری می‌کند و ادعا می‌کند که از ابتدا این‌ها را می‌دانسته.غافل از اینکه پیشگوییهای او، موجب خلق شرایط امروزی شده است. مثل پیش گویی گران شدن خودرو |
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Whereby |
adverb که به موجب آن، که به وسیله آن •a proposal whereby EU citizens would be allowed to reside anywhere in the EU. |
که به موجب آن، که به وسیله آن |
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Decline (n, v) |
noun [singular, uncountable] decline in •There has been a decline in the size of families. decline of •the decline of manufacturing rapid/sharp/steep/dramatic decline/ a steady/gradual/long-term decline کاهش
verb 1 DECREASE [intransitive] •Spending on information technology has declined. •Car sales have declined by a quarter.
2 SAY NO [intransitive, transitive] formal to say no politely when someone invites you somewhere, offers you something, or wants you to do something •Mary declined a hot drink and went to her room. decline an offer/invitation etc ۱- کاهش یافتن، تنزل یافتن۲- رد کردن، نپذیرفتن |
کاهش
کاهش یافتن، تنزل یافتن رد کردن، نپذیرفتن |
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Closure |
noun1 [countable, uncountable] when a factory, school, hospital etc has to close permanently. بسته شدن، تعطیل شدن (کارخانه، بیمارستان، مدرسه) (اسم) •Several military bases are threatened with closure. factory/hospital/school etc closure •the problem of school closures. closure of •the closure of St Bartholomew’s Hospital. |
بسته شدن، تعطیل شدن (کارخانه، بیمارستان، مدرسه) (اسم) |
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Meanwhile |
adverb [sentence adverb] 1 while something else is happening. در همین حال، در ضمن، ضمنا •Cook the sauce over a medium heat until it thickens. Meanwhile start boiling the water for the pasta.
2 (also in the meanwhile) in the period of time between two events. در خلال، در این فاصله •The flight will be announced soon. Meanwhile, please remain seated. •I knew I wouldn’t get my exam results for several weeks, and I wasn’t sure what to do in the meanwhile. |
در همین حال، در ضمن، ضمنا در خلال، در این فاصله |
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Sheepdog |
سگ گله |
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Livestock |
احشام، دام noun [plural, uncountable] animals such as cows and sheep that are kept on a farm → cattle |
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Herd |
noun1 [countable] a group of animals of one kind that live and feed together → flock. herd of •herds of elephants گله (اسم) verb1 [transitive always + adverb/preposition] to bring people together in a large group, especially roughly. •The prisoners were herded together. •I don’t want to be herded around with a lot of tourists.
2 [transitive] to make animals move together in a group. •It was Tom’s duty to herd the cows. •Herding animal. •Herding sheep. ۱-جمع شدن، گرد آمدن (افراد، معمولا با سختی) ۲-گله داری کردن، جمع کردن حیوانات |
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eminently |
adverb formal,completely and without a doubt – use this to show approval SYN highly. •Woods is eminently suitable for the job. یقینا، بدون شک
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Luxurious |
adjectivevery expensive, beautiful, and comfortable مجلل •a luxurious 30-room villa —luxuriously adverb •The cabin was luxuriously furnished. |
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puppet theatre |
تئاتر عروسکی |
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Acclaim |
verb [transitive]to praise someone or something publicly تحسین کردن، آفرین گفتن His work was acclaimed by art critics. |
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A fork in the road |
جاده چند شاخه، منشعب شده |
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Diverge |
verb [intransitive] ۱- واگرایی، انشعاب یافتن، از هم دور شدن 1 if similar things diverge, they develop in different ways and so are no longer similar.The two species diverged millions of years ago.Global growth rates are diverging markedly. 2 if opinions, interests etc diverge, they are different from each other. diverge from. Here his views diverged from hers. 3 if two lines or paths diverge, they separate and go in different directions OPP converge —divergence noun [countable, uncountable]divergence between the US and Europe. divergence in the road |
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Cosmopolitan |
adjective بین المللی 1 a cosmopolitan place has people from many different parts of the world – use this to show approval. •a vibrant cosmopolitan city •a lively hotel with a cosmopolitan atmosphere 2 a cosmopolitan person, belief, opinion etc shows a wide experience of different people and places. •Brigitta has such a cosmopolitan outlook on life. |
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Lively |
adjective (comparative livelier, superlative liveliest) سرزنده،زنده 1 PEOPLE someone who is lively has a lot of energy and is very active. a lively child. 2 PLACE/SITUATION a place or situation that is lively is exciting because a lot of things are happening. •The hotel is situated next to the lively bustling port. •the city’s lively nightlife. 3 MOVEMENTS/MUSIC lively movements or music are very quick and exciting. •a lively Spanish dance |
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Bustling |
adjectivea bustling place is very busy شلوغ، پرتکاپو bustling with somebody/something •The flower market was bustling with shoppers. •The city was lively and bustling. Bustle (verb) شلوغ کردن، تکاپو کردن |
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Inequality |
noun (plural inequalities) [countable, uncountable] OPP equality نابرابری inequality in •There are inequalities in wealth distribution. inequality of •inequality of opportunity inequality between •inequalities between men and women social/gender/racial etc inequality •a policy that aims to redress racial inequalities |
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Arena |
noun [countable] 1 a building with a large flat central area surrounded by seats, where sports or entertainments take place. • a sports arena • an indoor arena میدان مسابقات 2 → the political/international/public etc arena صحنه، عرصه |
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Incorporate |
verb [transitive]to include something as part of a group, system, plan etc ترکیب کردن، یکی کردن incorporate something into/in something •We’ve incorporated many environmentally friendly features into the design of the building. •Our original proposals were not incorporated in the new legislation. —incorporation noun [uncountable] الحاق، تلفیق •the incorporation of the college into the university |
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Compel verb Compelling adjective |
verb (compelled, compelling) [transitive]1 to force someone to do something → compulsion (Obsessive compulsion disorder) مجبور کردن compel somebody to do something •The law will compel employers to provide health insurance. •She felt compelled to resign because of the scandal.
adjective متقاعد کننده 1 → compelling reason/argument/case etc جذاب 2 very interesting or exciting, so that you have to pay attention •His life makes a compelling story. |
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Skyscraper |
noun [countable] آسمان خراش • For a moment she wished she were on the top floor of a very, very high skyscraper. |
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Immensely |
adverb very much SYN extremely به شدت •Champagne wines became immensely popular in the 18th century. immensely powerful/strong/important etc •Nationalism is an immensely powerful force. •We enjoyed the play immensely. |
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devotee |
noun [countable] مرید، طرفدار 1 someone who enjoys or admires someone or something very much devotee of. •a devotee of 1930s films
2 a very religious person •a Sikh devotee |
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Mural |
noun [countable] نقاشی دیواری a painting that is painted on a wall, either inside or outside a building → fresco mural adjective [only before noun]• The view was like a mural painted on a blue backdrop. |
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Spell |
Noun Period دوره During spells of hot whether brief/short spell. •After a brief spell in the army, I returned to teaching. spell of. •a spell of bad luck cold/wet/dry spell. |
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Aerial |
هوایی
adjective [only before noun] 1 from a plane. •an aerial attack •aerial photographs •Aerial temperature. |
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Cooling |
سرمایش، خنک کنندگی Plants differ in their cooling potential. Cooling system.
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Rainfall |
بارندگی • We’ve had a long period of low rainfall. • The city has received only half its average rainfall of four inches. Waterfall آبشار |
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From its center of origin |
از مرکز پیدایش |
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Elevations |
ارتفاعات Lower elevations noun1 ۱-ارتفاع elevation of The road climbs steadily to an elevation of 1,400 feet. 2 [uncountable] formal an act of moving someone to a more important rank or position ۲- ارتقا elevation to her sudden elevation to international stardom ۳- افزایش 3 [countable, uncountable] formal an increase in the amount or level of somethinga sudden elevation of blood pressure |
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Unchanged aging attractions |
جاذبه های قدیمی بدون تغییر |
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Top soil |
خاک سطحی |
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Chalk |
گچ Drawing with chalk |
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Commuters |
مسافران |
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Fame |
شهرت Fame and fortune شهرت و ثروت |
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Manifests |
نشان دادن verb [transitive] formal to show a feeling, attitude etc. •The shareholders have manifested their intention to sell the shares. |
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Proximity |
noun [uncountable]formal nearness in distance or time نزدیکی proximity to We chose the house for its proximity to the school. proximity of the proximity of the Bahamas to the States Here the rich and the poor live in close proximity (=very near to each other). |
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In the context of these regulations |
در چهارچوب این مقررات in the context of something. •These incidents are best understood in the broader context of developments in rural society. در بستر... |
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Market |
noun1 [countable]a) I usually buy all my vegetables at the market. اسم/ فعل: بازاریابی کردن verb [transitive] •If you could ever figure out how to market this, you’d make a fortune. market something for somebody. •They plan to market the toy for children aged 2 to 6. |
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Trade |
تجارت International organic industry trade organizations سازمان های بین المللی تجارت صنعت ارگانیک |
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Share |
Noun سهم، بخش، سهمیه The share of national income going to families in bottom 40 percent سهم درآمد ملی متعلق به خانواده های ۴۰ درصد پایین Verb سهیم شدن |
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Quadruple |
چهار برابر شدن double, triple •Food prices quadrupled during the war. |
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They are often cited as.. |
از آن ها اغلب به عنوان ... یاد می شود |
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Deprive |
محروم کردن، بی بهره کردن |
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Fairy tales |
افسانه های پری |
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Beach resort |
تفرجگاه ساحلی |
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Turquoise waters |
آب های فیروزه ای |
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Bay |
خلیج کوچک •a house with a view across the bay. •Montego Bay. |
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Sound science |
# Junk science
safe and sound/well (=unharmed, especially after being in danger) •The missing children were found safe and sound. |
“Sound science” is a popular term that means different things to different people. When used to support a position on a controversial issue or decision, sound science generally means “I’ve got the facts on my side.” But often questions are raised such as: Whose facts? What is their source? Are the data reliable? Isthe interpretation biased? |
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Conventional |
مرسوم، متداول، معمولی Conventional water treatment systems.
adjective [only before noun] a conventional method, product, practice etc has been used for a long time and is considered the usual type. •Internet connections through conventional phone lines are fairly slow. •Bake for 20 minutes in a conventional oven; 8 in a microwave. Normal |
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Water treatment system |
سیستم تصفیه فاضلاب |
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Picked apart |
از هم جدا شدن Designing items that can be more easily picked apart. |
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A solid foundation |
یک پایه محکم |
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The globe |
کره زمین • Our company has offices all around the globe. • Water covers over half of the globe. |
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The waves of information washing |
امواج شستشوی اطلاعات |
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Interconnected |
به هم پیوسته •Interconnected information •a series of interconnected lakes •interconnecting rooms |
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Emission |
انتشار گاز noun1 [countable usually plural] a gas or other substance that is sent into the air •Britain agreed to cut emissions of nitrogen oxide from power stations. •Greenhouse gas emission.
COLLOCATIONS harmful emissions The law is designed to limit harmful emissions. toxic emissions By the end of the decade we could reduce toxic emissions by half. vehicle emissions (=from cars, lorries etc). California has introduced tough new standards for vehicle emissions. industrial emissions (=from factories)The trees are being killed by acid rain and other industrial emissions. sulphur dioxide/carbon dioxide/greenhouse gas etc emissions The treaty calls for a 30% reduction in sulphur dioxide emissions. VERBS cut/reduce emissions an agreement to cut emissions of gases which contribute to global warming control/limit emissions. The measures to control carbon dioxide emissions do not go far enough. |
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The Arctic sea |
دریای قطب شمال |
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Forecast |
پیش بینی noun [countable] prediction
•The weather forecast is good for tomorrow. profit/sales/growth forecast •the company’s annual sales forecast |
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Hijack |
ربودن To hijack our most primal desires |
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To evaporate in the fog |
تبخیر شدن در مه |
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Unpack the history of something |
تاریخچه آن را باز می کند |
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Simultaneously |
به طور همزمان UK/ˌsɪm.əlˈteɪ.ni.əs.li/ |
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Smart automation |
اتوماسیون هوشمند خودکارسازی هوشمند |
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vernacular language |
زبان عامیانه |
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incorporating |
ترکیب کردن |
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breakthrough |
پیشرفت غیر منتظره noun [countable]an important new discovery in something you are studying, especially one made after trying for a long time. breakthrough in. •Scientists have made a major breakthrough in the treatment of cancer. |
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They has pieced together |
آن ها را در کنار هم قرار داده است |
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Fertile |
بارور، حاصلخیز Fertile soil |
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Textile |
Noun منسوجات، پارچه بافته 1 any type of woven cloth that is made in large quantities – used especially by people in the business of making clothes etc •Their main exports are textiles, especially silk and cotton. textile industry/design/manufacture etc •textile design and technology. •a textile mill. |
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Notion |
ایده، مفهوم •Notions of health •misguided notions of male superiority •The traditional notion of marriage goes back thousands of years. •She had only a vague notion of what she wanted to do. |
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Evident |
مشهود، بدیهی، آشکار The differences is no more evident. |
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laborious |
adjective پر زحمت، دشوار taking a lot of time and effort. laborious process/task/business etc. •Collecting the raw materials proved a long and laborious task. •the laborious business of drying the crops |
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expenditure |
مخارج، هزینه ها •expenditure of effort noun1 [countable, uncountable] the total amount of money that a government, organization, or person spends during a particular period of time → income expenditure on. •expenditure on research and development •huge cuts in public expenditure (=the amount of money a government spends on services for the public). expenditure of. •an expenditure of £1 million |
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Taste |
۱-مزه (flavour) Taste of.I don’t really like the taste of meat anymore. ۲- علاقه (what you like) taste in. •He asked about my taste in music .taste for. •While she was in France she developed a taste for fine wines. •Unless they rapidly acquire a taste for text based material. ۳- سلیقه (judgment) have good/bad etc taste. •She has such good taste. taste in. •Some people have really bad taste in clothes.
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Cringing |
خس خس کردن |
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beetle |
سوسک با پشت سخت و معمولا مشکی |
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wasp |
زنبور Wasp A thin black and yellow flying insect that can sting you. Bee A black and yellow flying insect that makes honey and can sting you |
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arthropods |
بندپایان |
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equivalent |
معادل The equivalent of sth |
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Bug |
حشره The bugs |
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chow down |
غذا خوردن، جویدن chow down phrasal verb American English informal /to eat •She had to chow down with the others in the cafeteria.
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biodiversity |
تنوع زیستی |
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pest |
,آفت |
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Instant |
فوری Immediate They will be at an instant disadvantages in their industry. |
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Equate |
یکسان فرض کردن، برابر گرفتن، مساوی پنداشتن equate /ɪˈkweɪt/ verb [transitive]to consider that two things are similar or connected equate something with something •Most people equate wealth with success. |
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cornerstones |
سنگ بنا |
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Emulate |
تقلید کردن emulate /ˈemjəleɪt/ verb [transitive]to do something or behave in the same way as someone else, especially because you admire them SYN imitate •He hoped to emulate the success of Wilder. —emulation /ˌemjəˈleɪʃən/ noun [uncountable] |
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applicable |
مناسب، قابل اجرا |
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Exempt |
معاف از، آزاد exempt1 /ɪɡˈzempt/ adjective exempt from •The interest is exempt from income tax. •Children are exempt from the charges. |
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ubiquitous |
همه جا حاضر، حاضر |
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upbringing |
تربیت، روش آموزش و پرورش بچه noun the way that your parents care for you and teach you to behave when you are growing up → bring up •Mike had had a strict upbringing.
have a good/religious/tough etc upbringing |
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virus strain |
نژاد ویروس |
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whilst |
در حالی که، ضمن اینکه |
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transmissible |
قابل انتقال، مسری |
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surge |
surge1 verb [intransitive]1 [always + adverb/preposition] to suddenly move very quickly in a particular direction surge forward/through etc •The taxi surged forward. •The crowd surged through the gates. 3 [usually + adverb/preposition] موج •Virus surge •A wave surged up towards them. |
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fuelling |
سوخت رسانی |
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resurgence |
تجدید حیات |
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Entitle |
you will be entitled شما حق خواهید داشت |
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Grid |
۱- توری ۲-شبکه سیم های تامین برق که نیروگاه ها را به هم متصل می کند و برق ساختمان ها را در یک منطقه تامین می کند the network of electricity supply wires that connects power stations and provides electricity to buildings in an area. the national grid (=the electricity supply in a country) |
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Accomodations |
محل سکونت، خوابگاه noun1 [uncountable] •The price for the holiday includes flights and accommodation. •living accommodations for the crewstravel and hotel accommodations. •rented accommodation. •secure accommodation for young offenders. •Universities have to provide student accommodation for first-year students. |
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Strengths |
نقاط قوت |
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Encompass |
شامل شدن The job encompasses a wide range of responsibility. |
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Agglomerate |
متراکم شدن، گرد شدن، جمع شدن They agglomerated many small pieces of research into a single part of study. آنها بسیاری از بخش های کوچک تحقیق را در یک بخش واحد از مطالعه ادغام کردند.
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Computer |
C |
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Notes |
یادداشت اسکناس the notes issued by the bank |
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Supply |
عرضه، ذخیره، موجودی |
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A means of |
A means of change وسیله ای برای تغییر |
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a dead end |
یک بن‌بست Reach a dead end |
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subtracting |
منها کردن،تفریق کردن |
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Prerequisite |
پیش نیاز، پیش شرط، شرط لازم prerequisite /priːˈrekwəzət/ noun [countable]formal something that is necessary before something else can happen or be done prerequisite for/of/to •A reasonable proficiency in English is a prerequisite for the course. |
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Disseminate |
انتشار دادن، منتشر کردن (در مورد اطلاعات، ایده ها و دانش)
disseminate /dɪˈseməneɪt/ verb [transitive] formal to spread information or ideas to as many people as possible •Her findings have been widely disseminated. •Disseminating knowledge
—dissemination /dɪˌseməˈneɪʃən/ noun [uncountable] •the dissemination of information |
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Commemorate |
بزرگداشت گرفتن commemorate verb /kəˈmem.ə.reɪt/ •Gathered all together in this church, we commemorate those who lost their lives in the war.
commemoration /kəˌmeməˈreɪʃən/ noun [uncountable]SYN remembrancein commemoration of somebody/something. •a service in commemoration of those who died in the war. |
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Feature Noun/Verb |
ویژگی، خصوصیت
نمایان کردن، به طور برجسته نشان دادن |
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Drawl |
آهسته و کشیده حرف زدن drawl noun [ S ] /drɔːl/ a slow way of speaking in which the vowel sounds are made longer and words are not separated clearly: •a southern/Texan/mid-Atlantic drawl |
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Project as a verb |
طرح ریختن طرح ریزی کردن |
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Poised |
آماده، (آماده حرکت) poised /pɔɪzd/ adjective1 [not before noun] not moving, but ready to move or do something at any moment poised for •She waited by the door like a small animal poised for flight. poised on •His finger was poised on the camera’s shutter release. poised to do something •He stood on the edge of the roof, poised to jump. •it seems poised to make come back. |
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ignited |
مشتعل شدن، روشن روشن This has ignited public debate. |
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inverted comma |
یک اصطلاح کامای معکوس |
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Irony |
طعنه،کنایه، طنز irony /ˈaɪərəni $ ˈaɪrə-/ noun (plural ironies)1 [countable, uncountable] •Life is full of little ironies. tragic/cruel/bitter etc irony •The tragic irony is that the drug was supposed to save lives. 2 [uncountable] when you use words that are the opposite of what you really mean, often in order to be amusing trace/hint/touch of irony •Wagner calls his program ‘the worst talk show in America, ’ without a hint of irony. |
a situation that is unusual or amusing because something strange happens, or the opposite of what is expected happens or is true. |
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airborne disease |
بیماری هوا برد |
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Outbreaks |
وقوع، بروز noun [countable]if there is an outbreak of fighting or disease in an area, it suddenly starts to happen. •a cholera outbreak. outbreak of •outbreaks of fighting. •the outbreak of World War II. |
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A huge swath of |
یک نوار عظیم از |
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Macroeconomics Microeconomic |
اقتصاد کلان اقتصاد خرد |
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The uncertainly inherent |
عدم قطعیت ذاتی |
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Geologically |
از نظر زمین شناسی |
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Martian surface |
سطح مریخ |
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Early puberty |
بلوغ زودرس |
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To stabilize |
برای تثبیت |
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Seismic signals indicate volcanism |
سیگنال های لرزه ای نشان دهنده آتشفشان است |
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Cervical cancer |
سرطان دهانه رحم |
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Reward circuit |
مدار پاداش |
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Enriching |
غنی سازی |
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The cruelest crimes |
بی رحمانه ترین جنایات |
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Circumcision |
ختنه To undergo male circumcision |
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Become acquainted |
آشنا شدن acquaint /əˈkweɪnt/ verb [transitive] formal acquaint someone/yourself with something phrasal verb with acquaint verb 1 → acquaint yourself with something 2 → acquaint somebody with something
•Take time to acquaint yourself with the rules. |
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Focusing on minutiae |
تمرکز بر جزییات ریز
the minutiae noun [ plural ] /mɪˈnuː.ʃi.aɪ/ small and often not important details: •The committee studied the minutiae of the report for hours. •Comedy is so often based on the minutiae of everyday life. |
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Literary studies |
مطالعات ادبی |
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Facet |
fac‧et /ˈfæsɪt/ ●○○ noun [countable]1 one of several parts of someone’s character, a situation etc SYN aspect facet of •He has travelled extensively in China, recording every facet of life.
•Many facet to study.
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Supply and demand |
عرضه و تقاضا |
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Existence |
noun1 [uncountable] existence of It is impossible to prove the existence of God. in existence The organization has been in existence for 25 years. Scientists have many theories about how the universe first came into existence (=started to exist). |
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A symbiotic relationship |
یک رابطه همزیستی |
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Guy microbiome |
میکروبیوم روده |
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Gastrointestinal disorders |
اختلالات گوارشی /ˌɡæstrəʊɪnˈtestɪnəl $ -troʊ-/ adjective medicalof or relating to the stomach and intestines |
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Diligently |
با پشتکار diligent= hardworking adjective someone who is diligent works hard and is careful and thorough •a diligent student —diligently adverb •They worked diligently all morning. |
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Equipment failures |
خرابی تجهیزات |
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generate a more powerful current |
جریان قوی تری تولید کند |
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compelling |
متقاعدکننده |
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illusive |
توهم آمیز |
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entrepreneur |
کارآفرین • Being an entrepreneur is a way of fulfilling your creative potential. |
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officials |
مقامات رسمی /əˈfɪʃəl/ noun [countable]someone who is in a position of authority in an organization •a government official •senior administration officials |
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plight |
گرفتاری، مصیبت noun [usually singular]a very bad situation that someone is in plight of •the desperate plight of the flood victims •the country’s economic plight |
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resign |
استعفا دادن verb [intransitive, transitive] → quit resign from •She resigned from the government last week.
resign your post/position/office •He later resigned his post as Minister of Energy. |
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repeal |
لغو کردن، فسخ کردن verb [transitive]if a government repeals a law, it officially ends that law. •the legislation was repealed five months later. |
این قانون پنج ماه بعد لغو شد |
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caution |
احتیاط noun with caution •We must proceed with extreme caution. •The physician must exercise caution when prescribing antidepressants. |
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probing curiosity |
کنجکاوی کاوش، کنجکاوی کاوشگر |
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skepticism |
شک و تردید |
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Barrier |
مانع، سد barrier /ˈbæriə $ -ər/ noun [countable] barrier to •Problems with childcare remain the biggest barrier to women succeeding at work. barrier between •barriers between doctors and patients. •The mountains form a natural barrier between the two countries. |
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Substance |
ماده،جسم، ذات substance /ˈsʌbstəns/ noun MATERIAL [countable] a particular type of solid, liquid, or gas. •The leaves were covered with a strange sticky substance. dangerous/toxic/hazardous/poisonous etc substance |
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Fragment |
قطعه، تکه، پاره، خرده a small piece of something that has broken off or that comes from something larger •glass fragments fragment of •fragments of broken pottery |
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strike |
ضربه زدن، خوردن، زدن، کوبیدن verb 1 HIT [transitive] written to hit or fall against the surface of something •She fell heavily, striking her head against the side of the boat. •A snowball struck him on the back of the head. •Several cars were struck by falling trees. •The last rays of the setting sun struck the windows. 🌸🌸In everyday English, people usually say hit rather than strike:• I hit my head on the shelf. •He was hit by a rock. |
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convey |
۱-انتقال یا بیان چیزی با یا بدون کلمات verb [transitive]1 to communicate or express something, with or without using words •All this information can be conveyed in a simple diagram. •Ads convey the message that thin is beautiful. convey a sense/an impression/an idea etc •You don’t want to convey the impression that there’s anything illegal going on. ۲-بردن 2 formal to take or carry something from one place to another. •Your luggage will be conveyed to the hotel by taxi. |
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wander |
پرسه زدن، سرگردان بودن، آواره بودن Verb, to walk slowly across or around an area, usually without a clear direction or purpose wander in/through/around etc •I’ll wander around the mall for half an hour. •She wandered aimlessly about the house. |
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Boom |
رونق consumer/investment/property etc boom the economic boom of the 1950s Boon موهبت |
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contract |
قرارداد، عقد، پیمان contract with/between •Tyler has agreed a seven-year contract with a Hollywood studio. on a contract/under contract •The firm operates schools under contract to state education authorities. sign a contract •He signed a contract to become vice president of the football club. |
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counter |
پیشخوان،باجه، کانتر آشپزخانه He wondered if the girl behind the counter recognised him. |
coun‧ter1 /ˈkaʊntə $ -ər/ ●●● S3 noun [countable]1 the place where you pay or are served in a shop, bank, restaurant etcHe wondered if the girl behind the counter recognised him.2 American English a long flat surface on top of a piece of furniture, especially in a kitchen SYN worktop British English3 → over the counter4 → under the counter |
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circular /ˈsɜːkjələ $ ˈsɜːrkjələr/ |
گرد 1 shaped like a circle •a circular table 2 moving around in a circle •a circular bus route |
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optimize |
بهینه سازی optimize (also optimise British English) /ˈɒptəmaɪz/ verb [transitive] •They need to optimize the use of available resources. |
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papal reform |
اصلاحات پاپ |
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Bonet |
کاپوت ماشین |
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obsolete |
منسوخ، خیلی قدیمی Some experts say coding us one of the human skills the will become obsolete as artificial intelligence grows.
obsolete /ˈɒbsəliːt $ ˌɑːbsəˈliːt/ adjective no longer useful, because something newer and better has been invented → out-of-date •obsolete weapons •computer hardware that quickly became obsolete •Will computers render (=make) books obsolete? |
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predominate |
غالب شدن pre‧dom‧i‧nate /prɪˈdɒməneɪt $ -ˈdɑː-/ AWL verb [intransitive] formal •Pine trees predominate in this area of forest.
adjective predominant verb predominate adverb predominantly
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substitute |
فعل جایگزین کردن اسم جایگزین Noun substitute for •The coach has to find a substitute for Tim. •a sugar substitute
Verb substitute something for something •The recipe says you can substitute yoghurt for the sour cream. |
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empowerment |
اسم توانمندسازی Verb Empower empower somebody to do something •The President is empowered to appoint judges to the Supreme Court. |
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continent |
قاره the continents of Asia and Africa |
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slump |
۱-افتادن، سقوط کردن slump1 /slʌmp/ verb1 [intransitive] to fall or lean against something because you are not strong enough to stand. slump against/over/back etc She slumped against the wall. Carol slumped back in her chair, defeated. Ben staggered and slumped onto the floor.
۲-سقوط کردن (قیمت، صدا، عدد) 2 [intransitive] to suddenly go down in price, value, or number OPP soar Sales slumped by 20% last year. slump to The currency slumped to a record low. |
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canonical |
ابتدایی،متعارف canonical /kəˈnɒnɪkəl/ adjective 1 according to canon law 2 technical in the simplest mathematical form |
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territories |
قلمروها،مناطق territory /ˈterətəri $ -tɔːri/ noun (plural territories) •Hong Kong became Chinese territory in 1997. occupied/enemy/disputed/hostile territory •The plane was flying over enemy territory. |
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absurd |
چرند، پوچ، مضحک، نامعقول /əbˈsɜːd, -ˈzɜːd $ -ɜːrd/ adjective completely stupid or unreasonable SYN ridiculous quite/slightly/completely etc absurd •It seems quite absurd to expect anyone to drive for 3 hours just for a 20-minute meeting. •It seems an absurd idea. |
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adjudicate |
قضاوت کردن، داوری کردن /əˈdʒuːdɪkeɪt/ verb1 [intransitive, transitive] to officially decide who is right in a disagreement and decide what should be done •The Dean adjudicates any faculty disputes. adjudicate on/upon/in/between •The owner can appeal to the court to adjudicate on the matter. adjudicate that •The judge adjudicated that he should be released.2 [intransitive] to be the judge in a competition •He adjudicated at all the regional music competitions.—adjudicator noun [countable] •an impartial adjudicator—adjudication /əˌdʒuːdɪˈkeɪʃən/ noun [uncountable] |
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Champion (verb) |
دفاع کردن، پشتیبانی کردن از یک آرمان vigorously support or defend the cause of. "he championed the rights of the working class and the poor" |
به شدت از آرمان حمایت یا دفاع می کند."او از حقوق طبقه کارگر و فقرا دفاع کرد" |
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sedentary |
نشسته، کم تحرک Sedentary lifestyle شیوه زندگی کم تحرک |
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energy expenditure |
مصرف انرژی |
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contrary to |
برخلاف contrary to popular belief برخلاف باور عموم |
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indigenous |
بومی |
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eagle |
عقاب |
برا چ |
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culmination |
اوج گیری، اوج The culmination of many years of hard work for these legal eagles. |
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appoint |
منصوب شدن، گماشتن |
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word of mouth |
دهان به دهان، تبلیغات شفاهی it can generate positive word of mouth for your business. می تواند تبلیغات شفاهی مثبتی برای کسب و کار شما ایجاد کند. |
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Drought |
خشکسالی a period of drought led to famine |
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crippled |
فلج شده English is being crippled through long years of mistreatment. |
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boarding schools |
مدرسه شبانه روزی |
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edging |
لبه، در اینجا معنی نزدیک شدن می دهد top boarding school edging toward 3000 a year. برترین مدرسه شبانه روزی که به 3000 در سال نزدیک می شود. |
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shift away from |
1 to move or cause to move from one place or position to another. 2 tr to change for another or others. |
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the difference between whole and entire |
“Whole” comes from “unhurt”, and means a single object that has not been subdivided. “Entire” comes from “complete”, and means no part has been left out. They are different when you are talking about collections of objects; the entire lot of cars, or the entire staff, since these are collections of distinct objects.
Some eat only small eggs which have to swallow whole. |
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stick out |
خارج شدن، بیرون آمدن these snakes have spines that stick out from the backbone. این مارها خارهایی دارند که از ستون فقرات بیرون زده است. |
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selective breeding |
پرورش انتخابی، اصلاح نژاد انتخابی |
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speculation |
حدس و گمان |
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a driving force behind it |
یک نیروی محرکه پشت آن |
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a great deal of information |
مقدار زیادی اطلاعات |
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Many local languages are dying out before anyone has had the opportunity to study them. |
بسیاری از زبان های محلی قبل از اینکه کسی فرصت مطالعه آنها را پیدا کند در حال نابودی هستند. |
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A temperate climate |
آب و هوای معتدل the UK has a temperate climate which means winters are overall mild and summers generally dont get too hot. |
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Chrinicle |
اسم: تاریخچه فعل: وقایع نگاری کردن، شرح وقایع بترتیب تاریخ
to chronicle the brain in action |
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Exploit |
استثمار کردن، بهره برداری کردن ex‧ploit1 /ɪkˈsplɔɪt/ verb [transitive]1 to treat someone unfairly by asking them to do things for you, but giving them very little in return. •Homeworkers can easily be exploited by employers. 3 to use something fully and effectively. •The new TV companies are fully exploiting the potential of satellite transmission. |
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both countries have small populations by world standards |
هر دو کشور طبق استانداردهای جهانی جمعیت کمی دارند |
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Odor |
بو A ant odor |
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anesthetics |
داروهای بیهوشی |
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hinges on |
چرخیدن روی (چرخش در روی لولا)، در گرو چیزی بودن، بستگی داشتن the success of business hinges on the successful sales. موفقیت کسب و کار به فروش موفق بستگی دارد. |
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United nations |
سازمان ملل |
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afield |
دوردست صحرا دشت |
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you must take in the role of a good teacher. |
شما باید نقش یک معلم خوب را بازی کنید. |
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Put into practice |
عملی کردن |
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