Fib-3

Front 1

Linger

Back 1

درنگ کردن،معطل شدن،دم آخر را گذراندن

the moon apperared larger than the full moon in the summers, as it lingered low above the horizon.

ماه در تابستان‌ها بزرگتر از ماه کامل به نظر می‌رسید، زیرا در پایین‌تر از افق قرار داشت.

Front 2

autumnal equinox

Back 2

اعتدال پاییزی

Front 3

Latitude

Back 3

عرض جغرافیایی

•at a latitude of 51° N.

#longitude

Front 4

light-scattering effect

Back 4

اثر پراکندگی نور

Front 5

Propaganda

Back 5

تبلیغات

/ˌprɒpəˈɡændə/ noun [uncountable]

information which is false or which emphasizes just one part of a situation, used by a government or political group to make people agree with them

•the spreading of political.

propagandaNazi/Communist etc.

propagandapropaganda exercise/campaign (=something done to show one political opinion)

Front 6

Incentive

Back 6

مشوق، انگیزه

/ɪnˈsentɪv/ noun [countable,

→ motivation

•As an added incentive, there’s a bottle of champagne for the best team.

create/provide/give somebody an incentive

economic/financial/tax etc incentives

Front 7

Disparate

Back 7

مختلف، ناجور،نابرابر

/ˈdɪspərət/ adjective formal

consisting of things or people that are very different and not related to each other.

•a meeting covering many disparate subjects.

•the difficulties of dealing with disparate groups of people.

Front 8

Mitigate

Back 8

کاهش دادن، تسکین دادن، تعدیل کردن

/ˈmɪtɪɡeɪt/ verb [transitive] formal

to make a situation or the effects of something less unpleasant, harmful, or serious SYN alleviate.

•Measures need to be taken to mitigate the environmental effects of burning more coal.

Front 9

livelihood

Back 9

امرار معاش، معیشت

/ˈlaɪvlihʊd/ noun [countable, uncountable]

the way you earn money in order to live

a means/source of livelihood

•Fishing is the main source of livelihood for many people in the area.

•It’s difficult to earn a livelihood as an artist.

•Bates says he will lose his livelihood if his driving licence is taken away.

Front 10

waterborne disease

Back 10

بیماری منتقله از آب

Front 11

Domestication

Back 11

اهلی شدن، اهلی سازی حیوانات

domestic

adjective /dəˈmes.tɪk/ relating to a person's own country:

domestic airlines/flights

Domestic opinion had turned against the war.

Front 12

Nutrient

Back 12

مواد مغذی

noun [ C ]

/ˈnjuː.tri.ənt/

•It's good soil - full of nutrients.

•A healthy diet should provide all your essential nutrients.

Front 13

Inclination

Back 13

تمایل، گرایش

incline /ɪnˈklaɪn/ verb

incline somebody to do something

•The accident inclined him to reconsider his career.

incline to do something

•I incline to accept the official version of events.

Front 14

Innovation

Back 14

نوع آوری،ابداع

/ˌɪnəˈveɪʃən/ noun[countable] a new idea, method, or invention

innovation in

•recent innovations in English teaching.

•We need to encourage innovation in industry.

•Many people feel bewildered by the speed of technological innovation.

Front 15

Incapable

Back 15

ناتوان، عاجز

/ɪnˈkeɪpəbəl/ adjective [not before noun]

#capable

incapable of

•He seemed incapable of understanding how she felt.

Front 16

Thunder

Back 16

رعد

/ˈθʌndə $ -ər/ noun

•We were woken in the night by thunder.

Hint 16

the loud noise that you hear during a storm, usually after a flash of lightning

Front 17

Forge

Back 17

ساختن

a return stroke that follows a path forged by initial stroke.

یک ضربه برگشتی که مسیری را دنبال می کند که توسط ضربه اولیه ساخته شده است.

Front 18

having teachers who challenge them, present them with interesting curricula.

Back 18

Present not introduce

داشتن معلمانی که آنها را به چالش می کشند، برنامه های درسی جالبی به آنها ارائه می دهند.

Front 19

In trying time

Back 19

در شرایط سخت و دشوار

Front 20

Millennial generation

Back 20

Anyone born between 1981 and 1996 (ages 23 to 38 in 2019) is considered a Millennial, and anyone born from 1997 onward is part of a new generation.Dey 27, 1397 AP

Front 21

The medical use of plants is recorded on fragments of papyrus and clay tablets from ancient Egypt.

Back 21

استفاده پزشکی از گیاهان بر روی قطعات پاپیروس و لوح های گلی مصر باستان ثبت شده است.

Front 22

The discovery challenges the populary belief that the first colonists to North America arrived at the end of the last ice age about 11500 years ago by crossing a Bering land bridge that connected Siberia to Alaska and north western Canada.

Back 22

T

Front 23

Socially responsible attitudes and behaviors

Back 23

S

Front 24

Conjunctive

Back 24

C

Front 25

Despite

Regardless

شماره ۶۹۹

Fib

1

Back 25

E

Front 26

Besides

Back 26

B

Front 27

To raise money and make films

Back 27

T

Front 28

The fewest possible components not the least possible components

Back 28

T

Front 29

Snails

Back 29

S

Front 30

Outweigh

Back 30

O

Front 31

Offspring

Back 31

O

Front 32

Hazard

Back 32

H

Front 33

Equitable

Back 33

منصفانه، عادلانه، مساوی

Equitable distribution of benefits to members

(معمولا این دو کلمه با هم می آیند)

Front 34

the nature conservation amendment act

Back 34

قانون اصلاح حفاظت از طبیعت

Front 35

dynasties

Back 35

سلسله ها، خاندان پادشاهان

when the egyptian dynasties of the pharaohs were established

زمانی که سلسله های فراعنه مصر تأسیس شدند

Front 36

Downturn

Back 36

رکود،سقوط، رکود اقتصادی

/ˈdaʊntɜːn $ -tɜːrn/ noun [countable usually singular]a period or process in which business activity, production etc is reduced and conditions become worse OPP upturn

•America’s current economic downturn.

downturn in

•a downturn in the auto industry.

Front 37

discourse

Back 37

گفتمان،گفتگو، سخن

Front 38

toolkit

Back 38

ابزار، جعبه ابزار

micro-economic toolkit

جعبه ابزار اقتصاد خرد

Front 39

jargon

Back 39

اصطلاحات تخصصی، اصطلاحات خاص

Front 40

Mining

Back 40

معدن، استخراج معدن

Data mining

داده کاوی

Front 41

Vehement

Back 41

شدید، با حرارت زیاد

•He was not only serious but vehement.

ve‧he‧ment /ˈviːəmənt/ adjective

showing very strong feelings or opinions

vehement opposition/criticism/hostility etc

•Despite vehement opposition, the Act became law.

Front 42

sovereignty

Back 42

حق حاکمیت

Front 43

corollary

Back 43

نتیجه، نتیجه فرعی، استنباط

Front 44

Attune

Back 44

هماهنگ کردن

/əˈtjuːnd $ əˈtuːnd/ adjective→

be/become attuned to something

"the interests of East and West are now closely attuned"

Front 45

Culprit

Back 45

مقصر

Front 46

Vineyards

Back 46

تاکستان

Front 47

Wither

Back 47

پژمرده شدن

/ˈwɪðə $ -ər/ (also wither away) verb1 [intransitive, transitive] if plants wither, or if something withers them, they become drier and smaller and start to die

2 [intransitive] to gradually become weaker or less successful and then end

•His career had withered.

Front 48

inexorable

Back 48

اجتناب ناپذیر، بی شفقت، تسلیم نشدنی

Front 49

Iridescence

Back 49

رنگین کمان، نمایش رنگین کمان

/ˌɪrəˈdesənt◂/ adjective formalshowing colours that seem to change in different lights

•small iridescent blue flies

مگس های آبی رنگین کمانی کوچک

Front 50

commonplace

Back 50

عادی، معمولی، پیش پا افتاده

capping the story with a commonplace phrase

داستان را با یک عبارت معمولی پوشش دهید

Front 51

capitalist growth model

Back 51

مدل رشد سرمایه داری

Front 52

Individual carbon footprint

Back 52

ردپای کربن فردی

Front 53

a propaganda campaign created by the fossil fuel giant BP.

Back 53

یک کمپین تبلیغاتی ایجاد شده توسط غول سوخت های فسیلی BP.

Front 54

turning the attention away from their complicity in climate change

Back 54

دور کردن توجه آنها از همدستی آنها در تغییرات آب و هوایی

Front 55

Legionary

Back 55

لژیونر

Front 56

anecdote

Back 56

حکایت

Front 57

prairie houses

Back 57

خانه های دشتی

Front 58

topographical map

Back 58

نقشه توپوگرافیک

Front 59

level terrain

Back 59

زمین هموار

Front 60

Workout

Back 60

تمرین، ورزش ساده

Front 61

Lionesses

Cub

Back 61

شیر ماده

توله

Front 62

Sovereignty

Back 62

حاکمیت

National responsibility for national development is the necessary consequence of sovereignty.

Front 63

countenance

Back 63

صورت، قیافه

Front 64

corollary

Back 64

نتیجه

The automatic corollary of that principle is that each country must be free to determine its own development strategy.

(corollary not conclusion)

Front 65

the principle of country ownership

Back 65

اصل مالکیت کشوری

Front 66

attuned

Back 66

هماهنگ شده

This implies the acceptance of the principle that development strategies should not only be attuned to country circumstances but also be prepared and implemented under the leadership of the governments of the countries themselves.

Hint 66

این امر مستلزم پذیرش این اصل است که راهبردهای توسعه نه تنها باید با شرایط کشور هماهنگ شود، بلکه باید تحت رهبری خود دولت‌ها تهیه و اجرا شود.

Front 67

The 2005 World Summit

Back 67

اجلاس جهانی 2005

Front 68

implies

Back 68

implies that

دلالت دارد بر

it implies

متضمن این است که، مستلزم این است

Front 69

enforcement

Back 69

اجرا

the enforcement of copyright restriction harder.

Front 70

This prompted

Back 70

این باعث شد

This prompted increased industrial concentration on extending and 'policing' IP protection

Front 71

minding

Back 71

فکر کردن، اهمیت دادن

Some people have a foolish way of not minding, or pretending not to mind, what they eat.

Front 72

Studiously

Back 72

با مطالعه، با دقت

studious /ˈstjuːdiəs $ ˈstuː-/ adjective.

spending a lot of time studying and reading.

اهل مطالعه

•a quiet, studious young man

Front 73

vehement

Back 73

شدید، سختگیر، تند، پرشور

He was, for the moment, not only serious but vehement.

Front 74

to contempt

Back 74

to hamulate

تحقیر کردن

Front 75

To relish

Back 75

لذت بردن، ذوق زده شدن (خوش اومدن)

relish /ˈrelɪʃ/ verb [transitive]to enjoy an experience or the thought of something that is going to happen.

relish the prospect/thought/idea

•I don’t relish the thought of you walking home alone.

Front 76

gluttony

Back 76

شکم پرستی، پرخوری

Front 77

culprit

Back 77

مقصر

He unmasked the culprit behind a national crisis.

Front 78

inexorable

Back 78

اجتناب ناپذیر

Front 79

wither

Back 79

پژمرده شدن

First a single vine would wither,then a circle of plants.

Front 80

vineyards

Back 80

تاکستان ها

Front 81

vocal nuances

Back 81

تفاوت های ظریف آوازی، تفاوت های ظریف صوتی

Front 82

people who came to prominence

Back 82

افرادی که به شهرت رسیدند

Hint 82

prominence

برجستگی

Front 83

breeding

Back 83

پرورش

Dog breeding

breeds

نژادها

Front 84

ancestry

Back 84

اصل و نصب

Front 85

Pedigree

Back 85

شجره نامه، پیشینه

ped‧i‧gree1 /ˈpedəɡriː/ noun [countable, uncountable]

1 the parents and other past family members of an animal or person, or an official written record of this.

2 the history and achievements of something or someone, especially when they are good and should be admired → background

•Founded in 1781, the school has an excellent pedigree.

•a scientist’s academic pedigree

Front 86

quotas

Back 86

سهمیه ها

سهمیه بندی ها

why are achieving sales goals or quotas such a big deal?

Front 87

hinges on

Back 87

چرخیدن (لولا) بر، بستگی دارد

The success of the business hinges on the successful sales of its products and services.

Front 88

obscured

Back 88

پنهان کردن، پوشانیدن، مبهم

The thick jungle obscured the remnants of the road, making it difficult to see from the air.

Front 89

The thick jungle obscured the remnants of the road, making it difficult to see from the air.

Back 89

Making not made!

Front 90

Recreation centers

Back 90

مراکز تفریحی، مراکز تفرج

rec‧re‧a‧tion /ˌrekriˈeɪʃən/ noun [countable, uncountable]

an activity that you do for pleasure or amusement → hobby, pastime, leisure

•His only recreations are drinking beer and watching football.

Front 91

Erosion

Back 91

فرسایش

eruption فوران

Front 92

non-identical

Back 92

غیر یکسان، غیر مشابه

Front 93

contributory

Back 93

یک عامل کمک کننده

Necessary as I believe reference books to be, they can easily be made to be contributory to idleness, and too mechanical a use should not be made of them.

Front 94

idleness

Back 94

تنبلی

Front 95

justification

Back 95

توجیه

Front 96

Scientific management aimed to analyse and control the activities of people in the same way that engineers analysed and controlled machines.

Back 96

that not which

Front 97

production techniques in the interests of economy, efficiency and mutual prosperity.

Back 97

تکنیک‌های تولید به نفع اقتصاد، کارایی و رفاه متقابل

Front 98

academic enquiry

Back 98

تحقیق دانشگاهی

Front 99

supreme

Back 99

عالی، برترین

In certain disciplines, it reigns supreme.

در رشته های خاص، برتری دارد.

Front 100

medieval

Back 100

قرون وسطایی

medieval and post-medieval archaeology.

Front 101

truant

Back 101

فرار از مدرسه، فرار از تحصیل

Fewer children played truant this spring term compared with the spring term last year.

Front 102

three-quarters of all

Back 102

سه چهارم آنها

Front 103

Likewise

Back 103

به همین ترتیب، به همین سان

Likewise, school buildings in terms of their architecture share remarkable similarities internationally

Front 104

uniformity

Back 104

یکنواختی، یکسانی

Front 105

Nowhere has the internationalization of education been more apparent than in the higher education sector.

Back 105

بین المللی شدن آموزش در هیچ کجا به اندازه بخش آموزش عالی آشکار نبوده است.

Front 106

The stock of Australia's dwellings is evolving, with current homes having more bedrooms on average than homes ten years ago.

Back 106

موجودی خانه های استرالیا در حال تغییر است، به طوری که خانه های فعلی به طور متوسط نسبت به خانه های ده سال پیش تعداد اتاق خواب بیشتری دارند.

Front 107

evanescent

Back 107

محو شونده، رو به پایان

Front 108

Fleeting

Back 108

زودگذر، گذرا

fleeting /ˈfliːtɪŋ/ adjective [usually before noun]

•a fleeting smile

•For one fleeting moment, Paula allowed herself to forget her troubles.

Front 109

a disciplined art

Back 109

یک هنر منظم

Front 110

colonial era

Back 110

دوران استعمار

Front 111

The question as to whether economic change is developing or underdeveloping countries remains a vital issue, as the debate over sweatshops highlights.

Back 111

این سوال که آیا تغییرات اقتصادی کشورها را توسعه می دهد یا نمی دهد، یک موضوع حیاتی باقی میماند.

Front 112

preconceived notion

Back 112

تصور از پیش تعیین شده، تصور از پیش ساخته

Front 113

in the formative years

Back 113

در سال های شکل گیری

Front 114

frontier policy

Back 114

سیاست مرزی

border policy

Front 115

Allegiance

Back 115

وفاداری، بیعت

kings and princes to gain their allegiance...

al‧le‧giance /əˈliːdʒəns/ noun [countable, uncountable]

loyalty to a leader, country, belief etc

allegiance to

•You owe allegiance (=have a duty to give allegiance) to your king.

Front 116

demarcate

Back 116

مرز بندی شدن، مشخص شدن

demarcate/ˈdiːmɑːkeɪt/

verb.

1_set the boundaries or limits of.

•"plots of land demarcated by barbed wire"

2_separate or distinguish from.

•"art was being demarcated from the more objective science"

Front 117

Delineate

Back 117

ترسیم کردن، مشخص کردن

delineate/dɪˈlɪnɪeɪt/

verb

1.describe or portray (something) precisely.

•"the law should delineate and prohibit behaviour which is socially abhorrent"

It is important to note in this connection that the concept of international boundaries (between two sovereign states), demarcated and delineated, was yet to emerge in India under Mughal rule.

در این رابطه توجه به این نکته مهم است که مفهوم مرزهای بین المللی (بین دو کشور مستقل)، مشخص و مشخص شده، هنوز در هند تحت حکومت مغول ظاهر نشده بود.

Front 118

Deposite

Back 118

۱-بیعانه

۲-رهن

۳-سپرده، سپرده گذاری

de‧pos‧it1 /dɪˈpɒzɪt $ dɪˈpɑː-/ noun [countable]

1 a part of the cost of something you are buying that you pay some time before you pay the rest of it

deposit of

•A deposit of 10% is required.

put down a deposit (on something) (=pay a deposit).

•We put down a deposit on a house.

2 money that you pay when you rent something such as an apartment or car, which will be given back if you do not damage it

deposit of

•We ask for one month’s rent in advance, plus a deposit of $500.

3 an amount of money that is paid into a bank account OPP withdrawal

deposit into

•I’d like to make a deposit (=pay some money) into my savings account.

Front 119

Supplant

Back 119

جایگزین کردن

until photography did finally supplant illustration as the "primary means of advertising clothing" in the 1950s.

sup‧plant /səˈplɑːnt $ səˈplænt/ verb [transitive]

to take the place of a person or thing so that they are no longer used, no longer in a position of power etc SYN
replace

•Barker was soon supplanted as party leader
.

Front 120

Glamour

Back 120

زرق و برق، جذابیت

/ˈɡlæmə $ -ər/ noun [uncountable]

1 the attractive and exciting quality of being connected with wealth and success.

glamour of

•Forget all you read about the glamour of television.

Front 121

Magnitude

Back 121

اندازه، بزرگی

/ˈmæɡnɪtjuːd $ -tuːd/ noun

1 [uncountable] the great size or importance of something.

magnitude of

•They didn’t seem to appreciate the magnitude of the problem.

Front 122

Embossed

Back 122

برجسته، نقش برجسته

like an emperor's bust embossed on a Roman coin.

مانند نیم تنه امپراطور که بر روی یک سکه رومی نقش بسته است.

/ɪmˈbɒs/ adjective

having a surface that is decorated with a raised pattern

embossed with

•She was given a Bible embossed with her name.

•embossed stationery

Front 123

Embody

Back 123

مجسم کردن، در برداشتن، مظهر چیزی بودن(تجسم چیزی بودن)،جسم دادن

em‧bod‧y /ɪmˈbɒdi/ verb (embodied, embodying, embodies) [transitive]

1 to be a very good example of an idea or quality SYN represent

•She embodies everything I admire in a teacher.

Front 124

fatality rates

Back 124

نرخ مرگ و میر

Front 125

Entitle somebody to something

Back 125

they will entitle you to discounts.

آنها به شما حق تخفیف خواهند داد

entitle somebody to something
Membership entitles you to the monthly journal
.

به کسی حق داشتن چیزی

عضویت به شما حق داشتن مجله ماهانه را می دهد.

Being a member entitles you to discounts on tickets.

عضویت به شما حق تخفیف در بلیط ها را می دهد.

Front 126

Abundant

Back 126

فراوان

OPP scarce

•an abundant supply of fresh water

•abundant opportunities for well-qualified staff.

Front 127

anonymous

Back 127

ناشناس

Front 128

royal genes

Back 128

ژن های سلطنتی

Front 129

leave entitlement

Back 129

حق مرخصی، استحقاق مرخصی

Front 130

liable to

Back 130

مسئول liable for

مستعد، آسیب پذیر liable to

Novices are peculiarly liable to this fault

تازه کارها به طور خاص مستعد این خطا هستند

liable /ˈlaɪəbəl/ adjective [not before noun]

1 legally responsible by law

liable for

people who are liable for income tax at a higher rate

2 likely to be affected by a particular kind of problem, illness etc SYN prone

liable to

You’re more liable to injury when you don’t get regular exercise.

Hint 130

Liable to

Liable for

Responsible for

Front 131

Novices

Back 131

تازه کارها

Front 132

commonplace

Back 132

عادی، معمولی

a commonplace phrase

Front 133

lest

Back 133

مبادا (تا مبادا)

A title gives a suggestion of what is to come — but only a suggestion, lest it should anticipate the denouement and so satisfy the curiosity of the reader too soon.

یک عنوان پیشنهادی از آنچه در آینده است ارائه می دهد - اما فقط یک پیشنهاد، تا مبادا پایان داستان را پیش بینی کند و کنجکاوی خواننده را خیلی زود ارضا کند.

/lest/
conjunction
literary
•She turned away from the window lest anyone see them.

Front 134

tribes

Back 134

قبایل

Front 135

with the spread of

Back 135

با گسترش

Front 136

Diffuse

Back 136

پخش شدن، منتشر شدن

diffuse through/into/across

•The pollutants diffuse into the soil.

•Their ideas diffused quickly across Europe.

diffusion /dɪˈfjuːʒən/ noun

انتشار

Front 137

settle

Back 137

ساکن شدن، مستقر شدن

By that time, much of Europe had settled into small village life.

Front 138

ancestors

Back 138

اجداد

Front 139

Sometimes it seems as if nothing is immune from being explained this way.

Back 139

گاهی به نظر می رسد که هیچ چیز از این گونه توضیح مصون نیست.

Front 140

altruism

Back 140

نوع دوستی

Front 141

Pernicious

Back 141

خطرناک، مضر،

/pəˈnɪʃəs/ adjective formal

very harmful or evil, often in a way that you do not notice easily

•the pernicious effects of poverty

•the media’s pernicious influence

Front 142

strain

Back 142

نژاد، سویه

Front 143

indistinguishable

Back 143

قابل تشخیص، قابل تمییز

For example, the strain currently in the Americas and another previously detected in French Polynesia are practically indistinguishable from each other.

Front 144

outbreaks

Back 144

شیوع، همه گیری

Front 145

the virus circulated mostly in remote locations until recently.

Back 145

circulated not has circulated

Front 146

appoint

Back 146

منصوب کردن

they have successfully risen through the ranks to be appointed Associates at leading western Sydney law firm, Coleman Greig Lawyers.

آنها با موفقیت در رتبه های بالاتری قرار گرفتند تا به عنوان همکاران در شرکت حقوقی پیشرو غربی سیدنی، Coleman Greig Lawyers منصوب شوند.

Front 147

The promotion marks the culmination of many years of hard work for these legal eagles

Back 147

این ترفیع نقطه اوج سال ها تلاش سخت برای این عقاب های قانونی است

Front 148

The greatest annual number of divorces

Back 148

بیشترین تعداد طلاق سالانه

Front 149

Overlook

Back 149

مشرف بودن به

Appearing on every floor in the halls that overlook the rotunda, these display cases serve as a kind of visible storage, presenting a panoply of objects and materials.

این ویترین ها که در هر طبقه در سالن هایی که مشرف به روتوندا هستند ظاهر می شوند، به عنوان نوعی انبار قابل مشاهده عمل می کنند و مجموعه ای از اشیا و مواد را ارائه می دهند.

Front 150

authentic fine art

Back 150

هنر زیبای اصیل

Front 151

a distinction which may be passé in the academic world, but which still holds strong among much of the general public

Back 151

تمایزی که ممکن است در دنیای آکادمیک غیرقابل قبول باشد، اما همچنان در میان بسیاری از عموم مردم قوی است.

Front 152

stickleback

Back 152

The sticklebacks are a family of ray-finned fishes

Front 153

to shake things up

Back 153

تغییر ایجاد کردن

to cause changes to something, esp. in order to make improvements

Front 154

on offer

Back 154

در دسترس

phrase of offer

available.

•"the number of permanent jobs on offer is relatively small"

•with nearly 600 accredited MBA programmes on offer around the world, the choice of where to study can be overwhelming

Front 155

Crude

Back 155

خام، ناپخته، ابتدایی

the crude divorce

crude oil

نفت خام

crude1 /kruːd/ ●●○ adjective

1 not exact or without any detail, but generally correct and useful → approximate

•a crude estimate of the population available for work

2 not developed to a high standard, or made with little skill

•a crude wooden bridge.

Front 156

Conversely

Back 156

برعکس

Front 157

At some hours, museum staff members are giving small hands-on demonstrations of techniques such as quillwork.

Back 157

در برخی ساعات، کارکنان موزه در حال انجام نمایش‌های عملی کوچکی از تکنیک‌هایی مانند کار با قلاب هستند.

Front 158

sculpture

Back 158

مجسمه

Front 159

residence

Back 159

محل سکونت

census data on place of residence

اطلاعات سرشماری محل سکونت

Front 160

overwhelming

Back 160

طاقت فرسا

Front 161

criteria

Back 161

شاخص، معیار

Front 162

Set about

Back 162

phrasal verb of set1.

start doing something with vigour or determination.

شروع به انجام کاری با قدرت و قاطعیت

"it would be far better to admit the problem openly and set about tackling it"

Last year, the recording studios set about compiling an album called ' Lost Songs', which features songs from relatively unknown musicians.

Hint 162

سال گذشته، استودیوهای ضبط آلبومی به نام "آهنگ های گمشده" را تنظیم کردند که در آن آهنگ هایی از نوازندگان نسبتا ناشناس وجود دارد.

Front 163

compiling

Back 163

تدوین

Front 164

tribute

Back 164

احترام، ادای احترام

as a tribute to the aviation pioneer's spirit and vision.

به عنوان ادای احترام به روح و بینش پیشگام هوانوردی

Front 165

land

Back 165

فرود آمدن

Front 166

if ever

Back 166

اگرهرگز

So it can be only rarely, if ever, that two people hold precisely the same cultural idea in their minds.

بنابراین، تنها به ندرت، و یا هرگز، ممکن است دو نفر دقیقاً یک ایده فرهنگی را در ذهن خود داشته باشند

Front 167

Schisms

Back 167

انشعابات، شکاف ها

That is why, when the founder of a philosophical movement or a religion dies, or even before, schisms typically happen.

Front 168

a trade-off

Back 168

یک مبادله، یک داد و ستد، یک تجارت

Front 169

Thread

Back 169

نخ

•I’m looking for a needle and thread.

•hand-sewn with gold and silver thread

Front 170

spinning and weaving

Back 170

ریسندگی و بافندگی

Front 171

pending

Back 171

انتظار، تا زمانی که، در مدت، در طی

Front 172

the fact that a microorganism is capable of destroying one of another species was not established until the latter half of the 19th century

Back 172

این واقعیت که یک میکروارگانیسم می تواند یکی از گونه های دیگر را از بین ببرد تا نیمه دوم قرن نوزدهم ثابت نشد.

Front 173

Although for centuries preparations derived from living matter were applied to wounds to destroy infection

Back 173

living matter not living material

اگرچه برای قرن‌ها آماده‌سازی‌های مشتق شده از ماده زنده روی زخم‌ها برای از بین بردن عفونت استفاده می‌شد.

Front 174

Intervene

Back 174

مداخله کردن، دخالت کردن

the Prime Minister of the time, Margaret Thatcher, intervened in the debate.

مارگارت تاچر، نخست وزیر وقت، در این مناظره دخالت کرد.

Front 175

Stagnate

Back 175

راکد ماندن

Front 176

venture

Back 176

ریسک، خطر

Front 177

assault

Back 177

حمله، تجاوز

Front 178

recidivist offenders

Back 178

مجرمین تکرار کننده جرم

Front 179

Grassroots

Back 179

مردمی

at the grassroots level

در سطح مردمی

ˌgrass ˈroots noun

the ordinary people in a society, movement, or organization:

•We are hoping for full participation at grass roots level.

Front 180

pervasive

Back 180

فراگیر

While prevention can be all- pervasive at the grassroots, it is oddly neglected in mass media and political discourses .

Front 181

'law and order'

Back 181

نظم و قانون

Front 182

remedies

Back 182

راه حل ها

possible remedies

Front 183

Sentencing

Back 183

محکومیت،َ صدور حکم،محکوم کردن، صادر کردن حکم

sentence2 verb [transitive]

if a judge sentences someone who is guilty of a crime, they give them a punishment

sentence somebody to something

•Sanchez was sentenced to three years in prison.

Front 184

vocal nuances

Back 184

تفاوت های ظریف صوتی

Front 185

subsidy

Back 185

یارانه

The government gives subsidies to Buddhist monasteries, shrines, monks and other Buddhist programs.

Front 186

Herman Melville wrote a book a year through his late twenties

Back 186

Through

TIME during and to the end of a period of time

•The cold weather continued through the spring.

•He slept right through the day.

Front 187

Precocity

Back 187

زودرسی

In some creative forms, the importance of precocity has hardened into an iron law.

precocious
adjective/prəˈkoʊ.ʃəs/ (especially of children)
showing mental development or achievement much earlier than usual:
•A precocious child, she went to university at the age of 15.
•She recorded her first CD at the precocious age of twelve.

Front 188

Poets peak young,

Back 188

شاعران در جوانی به اوج می رسند

Front 189

the creativity researcher

Back 189

پژوهشگر خلاقیت

Front 190

Lyric poetry

Back 190

شعر غزل

Front 191

a leading authority on creativity

Back 191

یک مرجع برجسته در خلاقیتَ، یک مقام پیشرو در خلاقیت

Front 192

Light pollution is exceptionally high in coastal regions of tropic and temperate zones, as these are areas of high rates of human population growth and settlement

Back 192

exceptionally not specifically

Front 193

　hatchlings

Back 193

جوجه ها، جوجه ریزی

Front 194

a scaled-down helicopter

Back 194

یک هلکوپتر کوچک

Front 195

to stay aloft indefinitely

Back 195

برای مدت نامحدودی بالا بماند

Front 196

they have sought a freedom from the tyranny of subjectivity.

Back 196

آنها به دنبال رهایی از استبداد ذهنیت بوده اند

Front 197

mangrove swamps

Back 197

باتلاق‌های حرا

Front 198

shrimp farms

Back 198

مزارع میگو

Front 199

around a third of the world’s mangrove swamps have been converted for human use

Back 199

Converted

تبدیل شده اند

Conversion

تبدیل

Front 200

comprise

Back 200

شامل شدن، تشکیل دادن

These comprised damage to the supply of foods and medicines that people had taken from the forest, the loss of habitats for fish, and less buffering against storms.

اینها شامل آسیب به عرضه غذاها و داروهایی بود که مردم از جنگل برداشته بودند، از بین رفتن زیستگاه ماهی ها، و حفاظت کمتر در برابر طوفان ها.

Front 201

To recoup

Back 201

جبران کردن، جبران خسارت مالی

re‧coup /rɪˈkuːp/ verb [transitive]

to get back an amount of money you have lost or spent SYN recover

•The movie will have to be a huge hit to recoup its cost.

•He was desperate to try and recoup his losses.

Hint 201

این فیلم برای جبران هزینه هایش باید موفقیت بزرگی داشته باشد.او ناامید بود که تلاش کند تا ضررهای خود را جبران کند.

Front 202

state schools

Back 202

مدارس دولتی

Front 203

downturn

Back 203

رکود

Middle-class parents facing financial pressures in the downturn are increasingly looking beyond the private sector to educate their children.

Front 204

textile industry

Back 204

صنعت نساجی

Front 205

overstate

Back 205

اغراق کردن

The environmental impact of the global textile industry is hard to overstate.

Front 206

leaving behind

Back 206

پشت سر گذاشتن

the factories leaving behind mountains of solid waste and a massive carbon footprint.

Front 207

sustainable

Back 207

پایدار

Front 208

steer (toward)

Back 208

هدایت کردن، راندن

With something of an "if you build it, they will come" attitude, Mr.Chaudhary has steered Pratibha toward the leading edge of eco-friendly textile production.

قای چوداری با نوعی نگرش «اگر آن را بسازید، می آیند»، پراتیبا را به سمت لبه برتر تولید نساجی دوستدار محیط زیست هدایت کرده است.

Front 209

a queasy distaste

Back 209

یک بیزاری ناخوشایند

Front 210

Many modern musicals are known for their spectacular sets, lighting and other effects.

Back 210

بسیاری از موزیکال های مدرن به خاطر ست های دیدنی، نورپردازی و جلوه های دیگر شناخته شده اند.

Front 211

engender

Back 211

ایجاد کردن، برانگیختن

we investigated the traits that engender interest in a scientist's work

ویژگی‌هایی را بررسی کردیم که باعث علاقه به کار دانشمند می‌شوند

Front 212

Apparent competence

Back 212

شایستگی ظاهری، صلاحیت ظاهری

Front 213

morality

Back 213

اخلاق

Front 214

inflation

Back 214

تورم

Front 215

devotee

Back 215

طرفدار

Front 216

accounting

finance

Back 216

حسابداری

امور مالی

Front 217

Human cloning

Back 217

شیبه سازی انسان

clone1 /kləʊn/ noun [countable]

1 technical an animal or plant produced by scientists from one cell of another animal or plant, so that they are exactly the same

2 technical a computer that is built as an exact copy of a more famous computer

Front 218

unsustainable

Back 218

ناپایدار

Current unsustainable consumption and production patterns

الگوهای مصرف و تولید ناپایدار فعلی

/ˌʌnsəˈsteɪnəbəl/ AWL adjective

unable to continue at the same rate or in the same way.

•unsustainable economic growth

Front 219

they achieved excellence

Back 219

به تعالی (برتری) دست یافتند

Front 220

Masculinity contest culture

Back 220

فرهنگ رقابتی مردانه

/ˌmæskjəˈlɪnəti/ noun [uncountable]

the features and qualities considered to be typical of men OPP femininity

•Children’s ideas of masculinity tend to come from their fathers.

•boys trying to prove their masculinity

Front 221

dog-eat-dog

Back 221

یک اصطلاح که افراد در اولین دفعه می خواهند برتری خود را نشان دهند

dog eat dogphrase of dogused to refer to a situation of fierce competition in which people are willing to harm each other in order to succeed.

"New York is a dog-eat-dog society"

Front 222

the northern hemisphere

Back 222

نیمکره شمالی

Front 223

entertainers

Back 223

سرگرمی ها، سرگرم کننده ها

a person, such as a singer, dancer, or comedian, whose job is to entertain others.

Front 224

food stands

Back 224

غرفه های غذا

Front 225

Brutal

Back 225

بی رحمانه، وحشیانه

/ˈbruːtl/ adjective1 very cruel and violent

brutal murder/attack/assault

•a brutal attack on a defenceless old man

•a brutal man

Front 226

Prevail

Back 226

غالب بودن، فراگیر بودن، رواج داشتن، متداول بودن

پیروز شدن، چیره شدن

/prɪˈveɪl/ verb [intransitive] formal

1 if a belief, custom, situation etc prevails, it exists among a group of people at a certain time

prevail in/among etc

•the economic conditions which prevail in England and Wales

•I admired the creativity which prevailed among the young writers.

2 if a person, idea, or principle prevails in a fight, argument etc, they are successful in the end

•Justice will prevail.

Front 227

Convenience

Back 227

راحتی، اسودگی

/kənˈviːniəns/ noun1 [uncountable]

the quality of being suitable or useful for a particular purpose, especially by making something easier or saving you time

•Ready meals sell well because of their convenience.

the convenience of doing something

•Most of us like the convenience of using credit cards to buy things.

Front 228

economic globalization

Back 228

جهانی شدن اقتصادی

Front 229

privatization

Back 229

خصوصی سازی

Front 230

privatization of public sector undertakings

Back 230

خصوصی سازی شرکت های (تعهدات) بخش دولتی

Front 231

Allege

Back 231

ادعا کردن، دلیل آوردن

Some people allege that progress is always good.

/əˈledʒ/ verb [transitive] formal

to say that something is true or that someone has done something wrong, although it has not been proved

it is alleged (that)

It was alleged that the policeman had accepted bribes.

allege that

The prosecution alleged that the man had been responsible for an act of terrorism.

be alleged to be/do something

The water is alleged to be polluted with mercury.

Front 232

appendix

Back 232

ضمیمه،پیوست

آپاندیس

Front 233

a throw-away society

Back 233

یک جامعه دور ریختنی

a throw-away society that is filled with rubbish

Front 234

Unions

Back 234

اتحادیه، انجمن، اتحاد

Labor unions

اتحادیه های کارگری

Front 235

Revenues

Back 235

درآمدها